Consider This Reaction: 2 LiOH H2SO4 2H2O Li2SO4 Which Compound Is Acting As An Acid In This Reaction (2024)

Volume of H₂O produced = (1.8 g) × (1 cm³/g) = 1.8 cm³

Simplifying :

Molar volume of O₂ at STP = 22400 cm³/mol

No. of moles of O₂ liberated = (1120 cm³) / (22400 cm³/mol) = 0.05 mol

According to the given equation, mole ratio H₂O : O₂ = 2 : 1

No. of moles of H₂O produced = (0.05 mol) × 2 = 0.1 mol

Molar mass of H₂O = (1×2 + 16) g/mol = 18 g/mol

Mass of H₂O produced = (0.1 mol) × (18 g/mol) = 1.8 g

Volume of H₂O produced = (1.8 g) × (1 cm³/g) = 1.8 cm³

What happens in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide?

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be summarized by the chemical equation: which states that two molecules of hydrogen peroxide break down to form two molecules of water and one molecule of oxygen gas, along with heat energy.

Why does hydrogen peroxide decompose quickly?

In many living organisms hydrogen peroxide is a product of metabolism that must be broken down, since in appreciable concentrations it is toxic. The rate of decomposition is increased by the intra-cellular enzyme catalase.

At what temperature does hydrogen peroxide decompose?

Properties. The boiling point of H 2O 2 has been extrapolated as being 150.2 °C (302.4 °F), approximately 50 °C (90 °F) higher than water. In practice, hydrogen peroxide will undergo potentially explosive thermal decomposition if heated to this temperature

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H2O has a tetrahedral arrangement of the electron pairs about the O atom that requires sp3 hybridization.

Two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals are used to form bonds to the two hydrogen atoms, and the other two sp3 hybrid orbitals hold the two lone pairs on oxygen.

A hybrid orbital is an orbital formed by the combination of two or more atomic orbitals. The resulting orbital has a different shape and energy than the component orbitals that form it.

Hybridization is used to model molecular geometry and to explain atomic bonding.

For example, in methane, the C hybrid orbital which forms each carbon–hydrogen bond consists of 25% s character and 75% p character and is thus described as sp3 hybridization.

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The answer is- Dichloromethane

The Rf value is a ratio and represents the relative distance the spot has travelled compared to the distance it could have travelled if it had moved with the solvent front. An Rf of 0.55 means that the spot has moved 55% to the solvent front, or slightly more than halfway.

How to choose the solvent to separate a mixture of two compounds based on Rf values?

The formula for Rf is-

[tex]Rf=\frac{(distance\ travelled\ by\ sample)}{(distance\ travelled\ by\ solvent)}[/tex]

Different affinities (adhesion strength) of different components of the analyte towards the stationary and mobile phase lead to different separation of the components.Now, petroleum ether is non-polar solvent, and chloroform is a polar solvent. As the Rf value is less for both, that means the compound A is non-polar compoundCompound B is has Rf value with dichloromethane which is polar solvent, that means compound B is a polar substance.Hence, the solvent best suited to separate mixture of compound A and B is dichloromethane as one compound A is non-polar and B is polar.

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The column of mercury will rise in a barometer upto 190 mm Hg.

What is the concept of pressure conversion?

It is possible to change the unit of pressure. Additionally, pressure can be described as the height of a mercury column. It equates to a height of 760 mm Hg at 1 atmosphere of pressure.

What is Barometer?An instrument known as a barometer is used to measure the air pressure in a specific environment. Weather changes in the short term can be predicted by pressure tendency. Surface weather analysis uses a variety of air pressure data to assist identify surface troughs, pressure systems, and frontal borders.Calculation of height of mercury in Barometer:

We are aware that 760 mm Hg equals 1 atmospheric pressure. This conversion factor will be used to calculate the height of mercury at 0.25 atm.

h = 0.25 atm (760 mm Hg/1 atm)

h = 190 mm Hg

Hence , the column of mercury rise in a mercury barometer will rise upto 190 mm Hg.

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Explanation:

coffee mixture compound

ice. pure. single

carbon pure. compound

The boiling point of the solution is 102.845°C.

What are Colligative properties?

Colligative properties are the properties of a solution whose value does not depend upon the quantity of solute(moles) present per unit amount of the solvent.

There are 4 types of Colligative properties

Relative lowering in vapor pressureElevation in boiling pointDepression in freezing pointOsmotic pressure

Elevation in boiling point is given by

[tex]T_f = T_i + \Delta T_b[/tex]

where [tex]\Delta T_b[/tex] = change in boiling point

[tex]T_f[/tex] = final boiling point

[tex]T_i[/tex]= initial boiling point

Also, we know

[tex]\Delta T_b[/tex] = i× [tex]K_b[/tex] × molality

Reaction

i = van't Hoff factor = 3

Molality = no of moles of solute/ mass of solvent in kg

No of moles of calcium nitrate = given mass/molar mass

=[tex]\frac{32.8}{164}[/tex] = 0.2

Mass of solvent in kg = 0.108 kg

Molality = [tex]\frac{0.2}{0.108}[/tex]

= 1.852 m

Also,

[tex]\Delta T_b[/tex] = 3 × 0.512 × 1.852 = 2.845°C

[tex]T_f = T_i + \Delta T_b[/tex]

= 100 + 2.845

= 102.845°C

Hence, The boiling point of the solution is 102.845°C.

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Ka = [tex]\frac{[H_2PC_4^-][H_3O^+]}{ [H_3PO_4]}[/tex]

What is Ka?

The acid dissociation constant determines the difference between strong and weak acids (Ka). The acid dissociates more as Ka increases. Strong acids must therefore dissociate more in water. A weak acid, on the other hand, is less likely to ionise and release a hydrogen ion, which results in a less acidic solution.

The acid dissociation constant, or Ka, is the equilibrium constant of an acid's dissociation reaction. This equilibrium constant serves as a numerical representation of the acidity of a solution. Ka is typically stated in units of mol/L.

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The mass of Au is 19.7 g

The chemical reaction may be

Au₂S₃ + 3H₂ → 2Au + 3H₂S

1 mole of Au₂S₃ gives 2 mole of Au

Then 0.0500 mol of Au₂S₃ gives

0.0500 × 2 / 1

= 0.10 moles.

To find mass

Mass = moles × molar mass

Moles = 0.10.

Molar mass = 197 g

Mass = 0.10 × 197

= 19.7 g

Hence the mass of Au produces is 19.7 g

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The mass of Au is 19.7 g

What is mass ?

For a body, mass is constant. Mass can be calculated using the formula: mass = volume density. A mass’s weight is a measurement of the gravitational force at work on it. The kilogram is the SI unit of mass.

The chemical process could

2Au + 3H2S = Au2S3 + 3H2

1 mole of Au2S3 produces 2 moles of gold.

The result is 0.0500 mol of Au2S3.

0.0500 × 2 / 1

= 0.10 moles.

To locate mass,

Molar mass Equals moles times mass

Moles = 0.10.

Molar weight: 197 g

Mass = 0.10 × 197

= 19.7 g

Therefore, 19.7 g of Au are produced.

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The correct option is (C) 6.02 X 10²³

A sample of CH₄O with a mass of 32.0 g contains 6.02 X 10²³ molecules of CH₄O.

To calculate the number of moles;

Molar mass of CH₄O = C + 4(H) + O

= 12.01 + 4(1.008) + 16

= 32.04 g/mol

So, 1 mol of CH₄O = 32.04 g of CH₄O

Given, 32.0 g of CH₄O

According to Avagadro's constant 1 mole of a substance contains 6.022× 10^23 particles (molecules, atoms or ions).

= (32.0 g/1)(1 mol CH₄O/32.04 g CH₄O)(6.02x10²³/1 mol CH₄O)

= 6.02 X 10²³ molecules of CH₄O

Hence, a sample of will contain number of molecules 6.02 X 10²³ molecules.

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XY₂ is the molecular formula of an ionic compound where X is magnesium (Mg) and Y is chloride (Cl) and magnesium is metal of second group of the periodic table and represents the 2nd group and chloride belongs to 17th group.

What are ionic compound?

Ionic compounds are those which completely dissociate into their constituent ions in water one is metal and other is non metal.

They complete their octave by sharing lone pair of electron and attend the positive and negative charge after dissociation are know as ionic compounds.

Therefore, the molecular formula of an ionic compound where X is magnesium (Mg) and Y is chloride (Cl) and magnesium is metal of second group of the periodic table and represents the 2nd group and chloride belongs to 17th group.

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The total heat released, Q, equals the number of moles, n, times molar heat of fusion, Hf. this is Q = n [tex]*[/tex] Hf.

substituting the values in the above equation we get

mass = 3688.3 g

Therefore, the correct answer is option d) 3688.3 g.

What is the molar heat of fusion?

The molar heat of fusion of a substance exists as the heat soaked by one mole of that substance as it exists transformed from a solid to a liquid. Since the melting of any substance absorbs heat, it observes that the freezing of any substance emits heat.

The total heat released, Q, equals the number of moles, n, times molar heat of fusion, Hf then Q = n [tex]*[/tex] Hf.

Where Q is the total heat

n be the number of moles

Hf is the molar heat of fusion.

Q = n [tex]*[/tex] Hf.

simplifying the above equation, we get

n = Q/Hf

= 235.0 kJ / 12.55 kJ/mol = 18.72 mol.

Atomic mass of Au = 197 g/mol

⇒ mass = 18.73 mol [tex]*[/tex] 197 g/mol

= 3688.3 grams.

Therefore, the correct answer is option d) 3688.3 g.

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A gas with a vapor density greater than that of air would be most effectively displaced out of a vessel by ventilation.

The purposeful introduction of external air into a place is called ventilation. Ventilation can be used to regulate indoor temperature, humidity, and air motion to improve thermal comfort, contentment with other aspects of the indoor environment, or other goals.

The two following principles determine the type of ventilation: Considering the impact of the contaminant's vapor density and either positive or negative pressure is applied. Consider a vertical tank that is filled with methane gas. Methane would leak out if we opened the top hatch since its vapor density is far lower than that of air. A second opening could be built at the bottom to greatly increase the process efficiency.

A faster atmospheric turnover would follow from air being pulled in via the bottom while the methane was vented out the top. The rate of natural ventilation will increase with the difference in vapor density. Numerous gases that require ventilation are either present in fairly low concentrations or have vapor densities close to one.

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Answer:

A.) AgCl

Explanation:

In double-displacement reactions, the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another.

These are ionic compounds made up of one cation and one anion. In this reaction, Ag⁺ and Na⁺ are the cations and NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ are the anions. Since all the ions either have a +1 or -1 charge, the charges balance perfectly (no subscripts need to be added).

As such, the possible products of this reaction are AgCl and NaNO₃.

Answer:

54.30 grams acetone

Explanation:

(0. 935 mol)*(58.08 g/mole) = 54.30 grams acetone

Given Chemical Formula of the Acetone = CH₃COCH₃

Mass of the C = 12 g.

Mass of the H = 1 g.

Mass of the O = 16 g.

Molecular mass is the sum of the masses of the elements present in 1 molecule of the compounds.

Molecular mass of the Acetone = 12 + 1 × 3 + 12 + 16 + 12 + 1 × 3

= 12 + 3 + 12 + 16 + 12 + 3

= 36 + 6 + 16

= 58 g/mole.

Hence, the molar mass of the acetone is 58 g/mole.

Molecular Mass

The mass of a given molecule is its molecular mass (m), which is expressed in daltons (Da or u). Because they contain various isotopes of an element, multiple molecules of the same substance can have distinct molecular weights. According to IUPAC, the related quantity relative to molecular mass is a unitless comparison between the mass of a molecule and the unified atomic mass unit (also called the dalton). The molar mass is unrelated to, but distinct from, the molecular mass and relative molecular mass. The molar mass, which is stated in g/mol, is defined as the mass of a specific material divided by the amount of a substance. When addressing macroscopic issues, the molar mass is typically the most relevant figure (weigh-able).

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N₂O is the empirical formula of an oxide of nitrogen containing 63.61% by mass of nitrogen and 36.69% by mass of oxygen.

Empirical formula can be calculated by

Suppose we have 100 g of the substance. That indicates that it has 36.69 grams of oxygen and 63.61 grams of nitrogen.

Masses transformed into moles:

Formula used

Given mass/ Molar mass

14.01 g contains 1 mol of N

So 63.61 g of N contains moles is equals to

(1 mol N / 14.01 g N) 63.61 g N = 4.540 mol N

Similarly

16 g of O contains 1 mole of O

36.69 g of O contains moles is equals to

(1 mol O / 16.00 g O) 36.69 g O = 2.293 mol O

Divide by the smallest to normalize:

4.540 / 2.293 = 1.980 mol N

2.293 / 2.293 = 1.000 mol O

Therefore, there are roughly twice as many N as O atoms. N2O is the empirical formula as a result.

Ratio is basically 2:1

Hence, N₂O is the empirical formula of an oxide of nitrogen

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The increasing boiling point in the order is HF > HI > HBr > HCl

BOILING POINT

The boiling point of the given molecule depends upon intermolecular interactions. Higher the strength of the interactions, higher will be the value of boiling point of molecules.

Hydrogen halides F, Cl, Br, and I belong to the group of halogens.Boiling point, it depends upon the hydrogen bonding present between the molecules.HI, HBr, and HCl. the dominating interactions would be van der Waals forces. As among these three halides, HI has the larger size or molecular mass. Large molecular mass of hydrogen halides, greater will be the van der Waals forces, higher the boiling point. The presence of Hydrogen bonding is negligible in these halides.HF, it has strong hydrogen bonding, has the highest boiling point.HF exists in the liquid state, and HI, HBr, and HCl exists in the gaseous state.

Hence, the order of boiling point is HF > HI > HBr > HCl.

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The portion of the atmosphere in which the principal gases (nitrogen and oxygen) occur everywhere in the same proportions is the stratosphere.

A part of the atmosphere on Earth is called the stratosphere. As you ascend, it is the second layer of the atmosphere. The stratosphere is immediately followed by the lowest layer, the troposphere. The mesosphere is the stratosphere's superior layer after that.

The very significant ozone layer is found in the stratosphere. The ozone layer aids in shielding us from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. In actuality, the ozone layer filters out the majority of the UV rays the sun emits to us. Without this stratosphere, a layer of defense, there would be no such thing as life as we know it. From the tropopause to roughly 50 km (31 miles) above the surface, the stratosphere is present.

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"Three covalent bond "does nh4 form with cl- to make ammonium chloride salt (nh4cl).

An inorganic substance having the chemical name ammonium chloride was [tex]NH_{4} Cl[/tex]. The salt made from ammonia and hydrogen chloride is also known as salt ammoniac. Ammonium chloride has a slight diuretic impact and aids in pH maintenance. Between N and three H atoms, three covalent connections are created.

The trivalent binding between N and [tex]H^{+}[/tex] ions, the dative bond between N and [tex]N^{+}[/tex] ions, and the ionic bond involving ammonium ions with chloride ions make up [tex]NH_{4} Cl[/tex].

Therefore, "Three covalent bond "does nh4 form with cl- to make ammonium chloride salt ( [tex]NH_{4} Cl[/tex].)

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The internal energy of the ideal gas is zero

The change in internal energy for an isothermal process is zero.

An ideal gas has no interactions between particles, therefore no intermolecular forces.

pressure change at constant temperature does not change the internal energy.

Adiabatic throttling expansion has less work done and lower heat flow.

That lower the internal energy.

The temperature decreases during the adiabatic expansion

Hence the internal energy of the ideal gas is zero

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d. 3Mg and N₂

What is decomposition reaction?

Compounds can disintegrate into simpler molecules or elements during decomposition processes.

The general decomposition reaction is given as:

AB → A + B

Extraction of metals from their ores is significant use of decomposition processes. For instance, by putting calamine through a breakdown reaction, zinc can be extracted. The same process can be used to make sodium from sodium chloride (NaCl).

Nitrogen and elemental magnesium gas will result from the breakdown of magnesium nitride.

Mg₃N₂ → 3Mg + N₂

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The pH of a solution prepared by mixing 50. 0 ml of 0. 125 m NaOH and 40. 0 ml of 0. 125 m HNO3 is 12.14.

What is pH value?

PH determines how acidic or basic of a substance or liquid.

The range of pH lies between 0-14. If value is less than 7 then it is acidic. If value is greater than 7 then it is basic and at 7 the liquid is neutral.

C = n/V

n = C× V

Moles for HNO3 = 0.125M × 0.04L = 0.005 mol HNO3

Moles of NaOH = 0.125 × 0.005 = 0.00625 mol NaOH

The remaining OH for the reaction will have a molarity of

0.00625- 0.005/(0.0500+ 0.04) = 0.0139M

The mathematical equation for the pOH is given as

pOH = -log(OH-)

pOH = 1.86

As we know that,

pH + pOH = 14

Therefore, pH of solution is 12.14

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The answer is- Standard Gibbs Free energy change Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] = 9.122 kJ.

Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] is the standard Gibbs Free energy change and the relation between Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] and equilibrium constant is -

Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] [tex]= -RT ln K_{eq}[/tex]

Derive the relation between standard Gibbs Free energy change Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] and equilibrium constant.

The equation that relates ∆G (Gibbs Free energy change) and the [tex]K_{eq}[/tex] (equilibrium constant) of a reaction is:

Δ[tex]G =[/tex]Δ[tex]G^{o} + RT lnK_{eq}[/tex]

Where

Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] is the standard Gibbs Free energy change

R – universal gas constant

T-Temperature

At equilibrium Δ[tex]G[/tex] = 0

Therefore, at equilibrium

Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] [tex]= -RT ln K_{eq}[/tex]

Now, to solve the given question, the given data is-

[tex]K_{eq}[/tex] =0.018

T = [tex]0[/tex]°C = 273.15 K

R = 8.314 [tex]J. mol^{-1}.K^{-1}[/tex]

Therefore, value of standard Gibbs Free energy change Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] is calculated as-

Δ[tex]G^{o} = - (8.314 J.mol^{-1}.k^{-1})[/tex]× [tex](273.15\ K)[/tex]×[tex]ln (0.018)[/tex]

[tex]= - (8.314 J.mol^{-1}.k^{-1})[/tex]× [tex](273.15\ K)[/tex]×[tex](-4.017)[/tex]

[tex]= 9122.5 J = 9.122 kJ[/tex]

Hence, Δ[tex]G^{o}[/tex] = 9.122 kJ

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5.6kg/ 8.2L

= 0.68 kg/L

Explanation

Divide the mass by the volume

a) attraction between ions causes the dispersion forces.

Attraction between ions is a temporary attractive force which occurs when electrons in two consecutive adjacently placed atoms occupies positional confined areas that make the atoms acting like Temporary dipoles.

Dispersion forces or London Dispersion forces is the weakest force caused due to motion of electron.

On increasing the number of electrons the magnitude to Dispersion forces increases.

Dispersion forces also depends upon the atomic or the molecular weight of the given substance.

It is caused by an unequal and uneven distribution of the electrons inside an atom.

This causes a slight positive and slight negative charge to be formed inside an atom by establishing a temporary dipole. This temporary dipole induces a nearby atom by inducing another temporary dipole in the other one.

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To calculate the numbers of subatomic particles in an atom, the atomic number and mass number can be used and is seen below:

Number of protons = atomic numberNumber of electrons = atomic number.Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

What is Proton?

This is referred to the subatomic particle which is positively charged and is present in the nucleus of an atom.

The neutron on the other hand is neutrally charged while electrons are negatively charged. The number of proton is equal to the atomic number.

The number of proton is equal to the number of electron and atomic number while the number of neutron is gotten by deducting the atomic number from the mass number.

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Sodium bis(thiosulfato)argentate(I) can be expressed as

Na3[Ag(S2O3)2]

What is Sodium bis(thiosulfato)argentate(I)?

Sodium bis(thiosulfato)argentate(I) is commonly called sodium silver thiosulfate.

Sodium bis-(thiosulfato)argentate(I) Sodium dithiosulfatoargentate(I)

Thiosulfuric acid (H2S2O3), Silver(1+) sodium salt (2:1:3).

Sodium bis(thiosulfato)argentate(I) can be expressed as Na3[Ag(S2O3)2].

Sodium silver thiosulphate is a silver complex used as a post-harvest conditioner. an aqueous silver-thiosulphate ion solution that is non-volatile. No serious problems with regard to human health existed.

Wastes must not enter the public sewer because polluted sewage sludge threatens terrestrial biodiversity, even though no significant environmental issues directly related to its use were raised. Extremely hazardous to aquatic and soil-dwelling invertebrates.

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38.8 g is the mass of the resulting strontium fluoride precipitate.

Sr(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaF(aq) ==> SrF2(s) + 2NaNO3 ... (balanced equation)

moles Sr(NO3)2 = 0.180 L x 2.400 mol/L = 0.432 moles

moles NaF = 0.200 L x 3.088 mol/L = 0.6176 moles

NaF is LIMITING REACTANT b/c it takes 2 NaF per 1 Sr(NO3)2 and there isn't enough NaF.

Mass of Sr(NO3)2 precipitate = 0.6176 mol NaF x 1 mol SrF2 / 2 mol NaF x 125.6 g SrF2/mol = 38.8 g

Final volume = 180 ml + 200 ml = 380 ml = 0.380 L

[F-] = 0 since all the F- is precipitated as SrF2

[Sr2+] = 0.432 mol - 0.309 mol = 0.123 mol/0.380 L = 0.324 M

[Na+] = 0.6176 moles / 0.380 L = 1.63 M

[NO3-] = 0.432 moles x 2 = 0.864 mol/0.380 L = 2.27 M

What is a limiting reactant ?

The reactant that is consumed first in a chemical reaction, also known as the limiting reactant (or limiting reagent), restricts the amount of product that may be produced.

The balanced chemical equation's mole ratios are used in each of the several approaches to identify the limiting reactant.

The theoretical yield is the maximum quantity of product that can be produced given the limiting reactant. The actual yield—the quantity of product that is actually gathered—is nearly never greater than the theoretical yield. The percentage yield, which indicates what portion of the theoretical yield was attained, is typically used to convey the actual yield.

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Considering the definition of molar mass, the molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mole.

Definition of molar mass

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

The molar mass of a compound (also called Mass or Molecular Weight) is the sum of the molar mass of the elements that form it (whose value is found in the periodic table) multiplied by the number of times they appear in the compound.

Molar mass of NaOH

In this case, you know the molar mass of the elements is:

Na= 23 g/moleO= 16 g/moleH= 1 g/mole

So, the molar mass of the compound NaOH is calculated as:

NaOH= 1× 23 g/mole + + 1× 16 g/mole + 1× 1 g/mole

Solving:

NaOH= 40 g/mole

Finally, the molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mole.

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