Journal articles: 'Boca de Rua journal' – Grafiati (2024)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Como a população de rua inscreve a si própria na narrativa do Jornal Boca de Rua: é essa, de maneira sucinta, a questão que o artigo buscará desvendar. Por ser uma publicação na qual as pessoas em situação de rua são os sujeitos criativos por trás dos textos, intriga-nos a maneira como usam esta relativa liberdade de “definir a si”. Efetuaremos um estudo actancial: atentaremos ao que moradoras e moradores de rua fazem nos textos; que linguagem usam; com quem e com o que se relacionam. Apesar de qualquer limite imposto, sintático, sociopolítico ou econômico, há no Boca de Rua um grito contra as impossibilidades que esmagam estas vidas precárias, símbolos máximos da decadência do capitalismo neoliberal mundial: o jornal mostra-se um lugar de memória, espaço para a inscrição no mundo de vidas singulares e dignas de lembrança.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Este texto versa sobre o Jornal Boca de Rua, periódico confeccionado por moradores de rua da cidade de Porto Alegre. Procura-se nele relacionar a posição subversiva destes moradores de rua com a lógica do capitalismo contemporâneo em três instâncias - espaço urbano, mídia e consumo -, trabalhando seus detalhes, implicações, ambivalências e comentando seus resultados parciais. A resistência espacial é tida como a própria maneira do morador de rua habitar a urbe - seja como morador, seja como vendedor -, ou seja, a reinvenção dos desvalidos vãos da cidade. A resistência midiática, por sua vez, é caracterizada pela construção de um meio de dispersão alternativo ao mass-mídia, possibilitando a um grupo emitir palavras e imagens sobre si e fazê-las agenciáveis em circuitos antes não alcançados. A resistência do consumo, por fim, dá-se na possibilidade do deslocamento da posição de pedinte para a de prestador de serviço, o que, em última análise, possibilita outros modos de inserção do morador de rua nas tramas da sociedade atual.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe present study shares the process of the collective achievement of a video-letter regarding the city of Porto Alegre, made with a group of directors of the Boca de Rua (Street Mouthpiece) newspaper, which is made by the homeless people of Porto Alegre. It highlights a perspective that sees in the narrator of the city its expression, and bets that there is sharing and sociability stemming from the fragments of narratives produced by the multiplicities that compose it. As a basis, it introduces some concepts of narrative and self-narrative, assuming, based on psychoanalytic theory, that the “I” is eccentric to the subject, and that the self exists as a partial construction. Through the authors W. Benjamin, P. Ricoeur, J-M. Gagnebin, J. Butler e J. Lacan, it points out the importance of composing narratives in the assembly of oneself and the city, creating connections when appropriate, or even legitimizing the fragmentary character of the narrative. The article ends by presenting some narratives composed after the recordings made with the group in the locations chosen by them.Keywords: Boca de Rua newspaper. Video-letter. Porto Alegre. Self-narrative. RESUMOO presente estudo compartilha o processo de conquista coletiva de uma vídeo-carta sobre a cidade de Porto Alegre, realizada com um grupo de diretores do jornal Boca de Rua, feito pelos moradores de rua de Porto Alegre. Destaca uma perspectiva que vê no narrador da cidade sua expressão e aposta que há compartilhamento e sociabilidade decorrentes dos fragmentos de narrativas produzidas pelas multiplicidades que a compõem. Como base, introduz alguns conceitos de narrativa e autonarrativa, assumindo, com base na teoria psicanalítica, que o “Eu” é excêntrico ao sujeito e que o “Eu” existe como uma construção parcial. Através dos autores W. Benjamin, P. Ricoeur, J-M. Gagnebin, J. Butler e J. Lacan, ressalta a importância de compor narrativas na assembleia de si e da cidade, criando conexões quando apropriado ou até legitimando o caráter fragmentário da narrativa. O artigo termina apresentando algumas narrativas compostas após as gravações feitas com o grupo nos locais escolhidos por eles.Palavras-chave: Jornal Boca de Rua. Vídeo-carta. Porto Alegre. Autonarrativa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Este artigo pretende tensionar pontos de conexão e diluição de fronteiras entre as categorias público/privado, conversando com a literatura de Baudelaire e W. Benjamin, Fredric Jamenson e Marc Augé. Através da imagem do labirinto, símbolo da cidade antiga que se quis extinguir na cidade moderna, busca-se refletir sobre alguns caminhos e caminhantes considerados excedentes na cidade contemporânea. O cenário propulsor dessa reflexão é a experiência do jornal Boca de Rua, elaborado por moradores de rua na cidade de Porto Alegre.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Este estudo investiga a produção audiovisual para redes sociais do projeto Jornal Boca de Rua, desenvolvida por pessoas em situação ou vivência de rua, no período entre março e outubro de 2018, a partir das lógicas de produção de conteúdo do grupo integrante do projeto. Objetiva-se analisar as formas como esta produção atravessa a construção de identidade e de pertencimento dos integrantes do grupo. Utiliza-se da transmetodologia, que desenvolveu-se a partir de três elementos: o observado; vídeos desenvolvidos entre março e outubro de 2018; o que dizem os pessoas do grupo. Por fim, observou-se a construção e repetição de vínculos e alianças e a utilização de discursos identitários de forma tática com o objetivo de disputar espaços simbólicos, sensibilizar o público e autorepresentar-se.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

O presente artigo visa apresentar a pesquisa desenvolvida no curso de Mestrado em Geografia na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul junto a moradores de rua da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS. Os moradores de rua, por viverem no espaço urbano, sem um domicílio ou refúgio próprio, são pessoas que têm uma visão de mundo totalmente diferente do espaço do que nós, geógrafos, habituados à questão do território, temos. São eles os habitantes urbanos que tem uma relação mais frágil com o espaço. Porém, mesmo sem ter nenhuma espécie de posse sobre o terreno, os moradores de rua estabelecem certa relação de identidade com o espaço, uma vez que têm preferências por habitar e circular em certas partes específicas da cidade. De que forma eles se enxergam no espaço urbano, como definem seus locais de estadia, de que maneira se relacionam com seu entorno? Para buscar essas respostas está sendo desenvolvido trabalho semanal junto ao Jornal Boca de Rua - jornal exclusivamente escrito por moradores de rua de Porto Alegre - em uma pesquisa participativa, com acompanhamentos, entrevistas e observações, além da participação em diversos eventos relativos ao tema e aplicação de um questionário, respondido por 40 indivíduos em situação de rua, que busca caracterizar o público da pesquisa. Não se pretende aqui apresentar os resultados da pesquisa e nem nos aprofundaremos nas conclusões, mas sim apresentar algumas reflexões acerca do processo de espacialização/ territorialização dos moradores de rua na cidade, apresentando de forma inicial alguns conceitos desenvolvidos através das análises sobre as fronteiras constituídas na relação entre o eu e o outro em suas relações simbólicas de poder cultural e socialmente constituídas. Assim, pergunta-se: estarão eles, ao se dispor agrupadamente no espaço urbano, de maneira ordenada e deliberada, formando uma espécie de território? É ao que nos propomos responder ao final dessa pesquisa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

O artigo explora e articula os conceitos de educomunicação e de comunicação comunitária na perspectiva das práticas de sujeitos que produzem comunicação, a partir da investigação de propostas de pesquisadores brasileiros e latino-americanos consideradas relevantes para o tratamento destas problemáticas. As reflexões empreendidas têm como horizonte as necessidades concretas de uma pesquisa que investiga os processos educomunicativos desenvolvidos na produção dos jornais Boca de Rua e O Cidadão e seu papel na construção da cidadania comunicativa. As propostas estudadas, trabalhadas em articulação, diálogo e confrontação com dados advindos de explorações empíricas, mostram-se produtivas para entender os processos de educomunicação comunitária desenvolvidos pelos sujeitos comunicantes nos contextos investigados.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Introdução: A compreensão da população em situação de rua (PSR) sobre sua saúde bucal pode contribuir para planejamento de ações para atenção odontológica. Objetivo: Avaliar perfil sociodemográfico, percepção e impacto da saúde bucal nas atividades diárias (ISBAD) de uma PSR. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo realizado com PSR de um município do noroeste do Paraná-Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas em 117 indivíduos utilizando questionário quanti-qualitativo com variáveis demográficas e saúde bucal. Análises bivariadas foram realizadas com teste Qui-quadrado, nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A maioria era do gênero masculino (92,3%), com média de 35,8 anos, sem companheira (75,2%), com até 8 anos de escolaridade (66,7%), pele não-branca (61,5%) e renda média diária de até 30 reais (38,5%). Grande parte relatou não ter profissão (81,2%) e estar na rua há mais de 2 anos (54,7%). A maioria alegou problemas na boca nos últimos 6 meses (45,3%) e 72,6% da PSR tiveram ISBAD negativo, resultando associação estatisticamente significante (p=0,0089). Conclusão: Os resultados traçaram perfil e percepção de problemas bucais que impactaram negativamente nas suas atividades diárias, evidenciando a importância de considerar aspectos subjetivos na atenção odontológica da PSR para planejamento de ações de promoção e proteção da saúde bucal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Neste artigo, propomos uma análise da produção do fotógrafo e diretor de cinema Ozualdo Candeias sobre a Rua do Triunfo, no centro de São Paulo, onde estava situado o chamado “Cinema da Boca do Lixo”, entre os anos 1960 e 1980. As obras registram a paisagem e os profissionais engajados na atividade cinematográfica exercida em dezenas de empresas dedicadas à produção, distribuição, locação e exibição de filmes, atraídas para os arredores das estações ferroviárias e rodoviária. As imagens analisadas foram feitas entre os anos 1960 e 2000, período marcado pela refuncionalização do Centro, que incluiu a patrimonialização da região e a formação de um novo polo cultural para a cidade. Assim, além de serem fonte para a história do cinema paulistano, esses registros contribuem para os estudos sobre a história de São Paulo e sobre cultura visual, elucidando aspectos fundamentais para a compreensão das dinâmicas espaciais e sociais existentes na região. Revelam, ainda, uma perspectiva sobre as relações de trabalho ocultada pela narrativa dominante, que estigmatiza a área em razão dos problemas sociais existentes. A partir desses registros, pretende-se identificar elementos recorrentes na construção das memórias do “Cinema da Boca”, uma vez que as obras de Candeias foram frequentemente resgatadas em audiovisuais dedicados ao tema.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) correspondem uma série de alterações dentre as quais mais comuns incluem desordens dolorosas como dor miofascial e artralgias, desarranjos internos e desordens degenerativas das articulações temporo-mandibulares. Os sintomas auditivos podem se relacionar à DTM e/ou às patologias auditivas, confirmando a possibilidade de coexistir comprometimentos auditivos associados, trazendo a necessidade de definir as condições audiológicas dos indivíduos com DTM, como otalgia. A Imagem de Ressonância Magnética (IRM) apresenta papel fundamental no diagnóstico de desarranjo interno da ATM, porque permite uma visualização direta do disco articular em boca fechada e aberta. Concluiu-se que há relação entre disfunção temporomandibular, sintomas otológicos e achados de imagem de ressonância. Palavras-Chave: Transtornos da articulação temporomandibular. Imagem de Ressonância Magnética. Sintomas otológicos.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This paper presents some results of rainfall forecast in the monsoon onset period in South Vietnam, with the use of ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observation data into the initial field of the model. The study of rainfall forecasts are experimented at the time of Southern monsoon outbreaks for 3 years (2005, 2008 and 2009), corresponding to 18 cases. In each case, there are five trials, including satellite wind data assimilation, upper-air sounding data assimilation, mixed data (satellite wind+upper-air sounding data) assimilation and two controlled trials (one single predictive test and one multi-physical ensemble prediction), which is equivalent to 85 forecasts for one trial. Based on the statistical evaluation of 36 samples (18 meteorological stations and 18 trials), the results show that Kalman filter assimilates satellite wind data to forecast well rainfall at 48 hours and 72 hours ranges. With 24 hour forecasting period, upper-air sounding data assimilation and mixed data assimilation experiments predicted better rainfall than non-assimilation tests. The results of the assessment based on the phase prediction indicators also show that the ensemble Kalman filter assimilating satellite wind data and mixed data sets improve the rain forecasting capability of the model at 48 hours and 72 hour ranges, while the upper-air sounding data assimilation test produces satisfactory results at the 72 hour forecast range, and the multi-physical ensemble test predicted good rainfall at 24 hour and 48 hour forecasts. The results of this research initially lead to a new research approach, Kalman Filter Application that assimilates the existing observation data into input data of the model that can improve the quality of rainfall forecast in Southern Vietnam and overall country in general.References Bui Minh Tuan, Nguyen Minh Truong, 2013. Determining the onset indexes for the summer monsoon over southern Vietnam using numerical model with reanalysis data. VNU Journal of Science, 29(1S), 187-195.Charney J.G., 1955. The use of the primitive equations of motion in numerical prediction, Tellus, 7, 22.Cong Thanh, Tran Tan Tien, Nguyen Tien Toan, 2015. Assessing prediction of rainfall over Quang Ngai area of Vietnam from 1 to 2 day terms. VNU Journal of Science, 31(3S), 231-237.Courtier P., Talagrand O., 1987. Variational assimilation of meteorological observations with the adjoint vorticity equations, Part II, Numerical results. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 1329.Daley R., 1991. Atmospheric data analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Elementi M., Marsigli C., Paccagnella T., 2005. High resolution forecast of heavy precipitation with Lokal Modell: analysis of two case studies in the Alpine area. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 593-602.Fasullo J. and Webster P.J., 2003. A hydrological definition of India monsoon onset and withdrawal. J. Climate, 16, 3200-3211.Haltiner G.J., Williams R.T., 1982. Numerical prediction and dynamic meteorology, John Wiley and Sons, New York.Hamill T.M., Whitaker J.S., Snyder C., 2001. Distance-dependent filtering of background error covariance estimates in an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2776.He J., Yu J., Shen X., and Gao H., 2004. Research on mechanism and variability of East Asia monsoon. J. Trop. Meteo, 20(5), 449-459.Hoang Duc Cuong, 2008. Experimental study on heavy rain forecast in Vietnam using MM5 model. A report on the Ministerial-level research projects on science and technology, 105p.Houtekamer P.L., Mitchell H.L., Pellerin G., Buehner M., Charron M., Spacek L., Hansen B., 2005. Atmospheric data assimilation with an ensemble Kalman filter: Results with real observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 604.Houtekamer P.L., Mitchell H.L., 2005. Ensemble Kalman filtering, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131C, 3269-3289.Hunt B.R., Kostelich E., Szunyogh I., 2007. Efficient data assimilation for spatiotemporal chaos: a local ensemble transform Kalman filter. Physica D., 230, 112-126.Kalnay E., 2003. Atmospheric modeling, data assimilation and predictability. Cambridge University Press, 181.Kalnay et al., 2008. A local ensemble transform Kalman filter data assimilation system for the NCEP global model. Tellus A, 60(1), 113-130.Kato T., Aranami K., 2009. Formation Factors of 2004 Niigata-f*ckushima and f*ckui Heavy Rainfalls and Problems in the Predictions using a Cloud-Resolving Model. SOLA. 10, doi:10.2151/sola.Kieu C.Q., 2010. Estimation of Model Error in the Kalman Filter by Perturbed Forcing. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, 26(3S), 310-316.Kieu C.Q., 2011. Overview of the Ensemble Kalman Filter and Its Application to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, 27(1S), 17-28.Kieu C.Q., Truong N.M., Mai H.T., and Ngo Duc T., 2012. Sensitivity of the Track and Intensity Forecasts of Typhoon Megi (2010) to Satellite-Derived Atmosphere Motion Vectors with the Ensenble Kalman filter. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 29, 1794-1810.Kieu Thi Xin, 2005. Study on large-scale rainfall forecast by modern technology for flood prevention in Vietnam. State-level independent scientific and technological briefing report, 121-151.Kieu Thi Xin, Vu Thanh Hang, Le Duc, Nguyen Manh Linh, 2013. Climate simulation in Vietnam using regional climate nonhydrostatic NHRCM and hydrostatic RegCM models. Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Journal of Natural sciences and technology, 29(2S), 243-25.Krishnamurti T.N., Bounoa L., 1996. An introduction to numerical weather prediction techniques. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FA.Lau K.M., Yang S., 1997. Climatology and interannual variability of the Southeast Asian summer monsoon. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 14,141-162.Li C., Qu X., 1999. Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea. Onset and Evolution of the South China Sea Monsoon and Its Interaction with the Ocean. Ding Yihui, and Li Chongyin, Eds, Chinese Meteorological Press, Beijing, 200-209.Lin N., Smith J.A., Villarini G., Marchok T.P., Baeck M.L., 2010. Modeling Extreme Rainfall, Winds,and Surge from Hurricane Isabel, 25. Doi: 10.1175/2010WAF2222349.Lu J., Zhang Q., Tao S., and Ju J., 2006. The onset and advance of the Asian summer monsoon. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51(1), 80-88.Matsumoto J., 1997. Seasonal transition of summer rainy season over Indochina and adjacent monsoon region. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 14, 231-245.Miyoshi T., and Kunii M., 2012. The Local Ensenble Transform Kalman Filter with the Weather Rearch and Forecasting Model: Experiments with Real Observation. Pure Appl. Geophysic, 169(3), 321-333. Miyoshi T., Yamane S., 2007. Local ensemble transform Kalman filtering with an AGCM at a T159/L48 resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3841-3861.Nguyen Khanh Van, Tong Phuc Tuan, Vuong Van Vu, Nguyen Manh Ha, 2013. The heavy rain differences based on topo-geographical analyse at Coastal Central Region, from Thanh Hoa to Khanh Hoa. J. Sciences of the Earth, 35, 301-309.Nguyen Minh Truong, Bui Minh Tuan, 2013. A case study on summer monsoon onset prediction for southern Vietnam in 2012 using the RAMS model. VNU Journal of Science, 29(1S), 179-186.Phillips N.A., 1960b. Numerical weather prediction. Adv. Computers, 1, 43-91, Kalnay 2004.Phillips N., 1960a. On the problem of the initial data for the primitive equations, Tellus, 12, 121126.Phuong Nguyen Duc, 2013. Experiment on combinatorial Kalman filtering method for WRF model to forecast heavy rain in central region in Vietnam. The Third International MAHASRI/HyARC Workshop on Asian Monsoon and Water Cycle, 28-30 August 2013, Da Nang, Viet Nam, 217-224.Richardson L.F., 1922. Weather prediction by numerical process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Reprinted by Dover (1965, New York).Routray, Mohanty U.C., Niyogi D., Rizvi S.R., Osuri K.K., 2008. First application of 3DVAR-WRF data assimilation for mesoscale simulation of heavy rainfall events over Indian Monsoon region. Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1555.Schumacher, R. S., C. A. Davis, 2010. Ensemble-based Forecast Uncertainty Analysis of Diverse Heavy Rainfall Events, 25. Doi: 10.1175/2010WAF2222378.Snyder C., Zhang F., 2003. Assimilation of simulated Doppler radar observations with an Ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1663.Szunyogh I., Kostelich E.J., Gyarmati G., Kalnay E., Hunt B.R., Ott E., Satterfield E., Yorke J.A., 2008. A local ensemble transform Kalman filter data assimilation system for the NCEP global model. Tellus A., 60, 113-130.Tanaka M., 1992. Intraseasonal oscillation and the onset and retreat dates of the summer monsoon east, southeast Asia and the western Pacific region using GMS high cloud amount data. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 70, 613-628.Tan Tien Tran, Nguyen Thi Thanh, 2011. The MODIS satellite data assimilation in the WRF model to forecast rainfall in the central region. VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology, 27(3S), 90-95.Tao S., Chen L., 1987. A review of recent research on East summer monsoon in China, Monsoon Meteorology. C. P. Changand T. N. Krishramurti, Eds, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 60-92.Tippett M.K., Anderson J.L., Bishop C.H., Hamill T.M., Whitaker J.S., 2003. Ensemble square root filters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 1485.Thuy Kieu Thi, Giam Nguyen Minh, Dung Dang Van, 2013. Using WRF model to forecast heavy rainfall events on September 2012 in Dong Nai River Basin. The Third International MAHASRI/HyARC Workshop on Asian Monsoon and Water Cycle, 28-30 August 2013, Da Nang, Viet Nam, 185-200.Xavier, Chandrasekar, Singh R. and Simon B., 2006. The impact of assimilation of MODIS data for the prediction of a tropical low-pressure system over India using a mesoscale model. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27(20), 4655-4676. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160500207302. Wang B., 2003. Atmosphere-warm ocean interaction and its impacts on Asian-Australian monsoon variation. J. Climate, 16(8), 1195-1211.Wang B. and Wu R., 1997. Peculiar temporal structure of the South China Sea summer monsoon. J. Climate., 15, 386-396.Wang L., He J., and Guan Z., 2004. Characteristic of convective activities over Asian Australian ”landbridge” areas and its possible factors. Act a Meteorologic a Sinica, 18, 441-454.Wang, B., and Z. Fan, 1999. Choice of South Asian Summer Monsoon Indices. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Sci., 80, 629-638.Webster P.J., Magana V.O., Palmer T.N., Shukla J., Tomas R.A., Yanai M., Yasunari T., 1998. Monsoons: Processes, predictability, and teprospects for prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14451-14510.Wilks Daniel S., 1997. Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. Ithaca New York., 59, 255.Whitaker J.S., Hamill T.M., 2002. Ensemble data assimilation without perturbed observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1913.Wu G., Zhang Y., 1998. Tibetan plateau forcing and the timing of the monsoon onset over South Asia and the South China Sea. Mon.Wea.Rev., 126, 913-927.Zhang Z., Chan J.C.L., and Ding Y., 2004. Characteristics, evolution and mechanisms of the summer monsoon onset over Southeast Asia. J.Climatology, 24, 1461-1482.http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html and http://tropic.ssec.wisc.edu/archive/

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE SORVETE ADICIONADO DE MALTODEXTRINA E FARELO DE MANDIOCA AO LONGO DO ARMAZENAMENTO DAIANA DE SOUZA FERNANDES1, PRICILA VEIGA DOS SANTOS2, MAGALI LEONEL2 1 Centro de Raízes e Amidos Tropicais (CERAT), UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Jardim Paraíso, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: daianas_fernandes@yahoo.com.br 2 Departamento de Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Jardim Paraíso, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: pricila.veiga@unesp.br 3Centro de Raízes e Amidos Tropicais (CERAT), UNESP, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Jardim Paraíso, 18610-307, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. E-mail: magali.leonel@.unesp.br RESUMO: O sorvete é uma matriz alimentar complexa que contém várias fases físicas. A remoção de um ingrediente pode afetar não apenas suas propriedades físicas, mas também múltiplas características sensoriais que podem ou não ser importantes para os consumidores. A gordura não só contribui para a textura, sensação de boca e sabor, mas também serve como um elemento estrutural. Consumidores estão cada vez mais exigentes quanto à qualidade dos alimentos, e têm a expectativa de que tal qualidade será mantida durante o período de armazenamento. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a manutenção da qualidade de sorvetes desenvolvidos com adição de maltodextrina, como substituto de gordura, e de farelo de mandioca, como fonte de fibras em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (0, 30, 60 e 90 dias após processamento). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: textura, cor, velocidade de derretimento, análise sensorial e presença de cristais de gelo. Durante o armazenamento do sorvete ocorreram alterações na cor, derretimento, textura e presença dos cristais de gelo, porém, essas alterações não afetaram significativamente os parâmetros sensoriais durante todo o armazenamento. Dessa forma, o farelo e a maltodextrina de mandioca têm potencial para serem usados como ingredientes em sorvetes. Palavras-chave: armazenamento, fibras, redução de gordura, resíduo agroindustrial. QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ADDED OF CASSAVA MALTODEXTRIN AND BAGASSE ICE CREAM DURING STORAGE ABSTRACT: Ice cream is a complex food matrix that contains several physical phases, an ingredient removal can affect not only physical properties, but also multiple sensory characteristics that may be or not important to consumers. Fat not only contributes to texture, mouth feel or taste, but also serves as a structural element. Consumers are increasingly demanding about food quality and have the expectation that such quality will be maintained over the storage period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality maintenance of ice creams developed with the addition of maltodextrin as a substitute for fat and cassava bagasse as a source of fiber at different storage times (0, 30, 60 and 90 days after processing). The evaluated parameters were texture, color, melting speed, sensorial analysis and presence of ice crystals. Ice color storage, melting, texture and presence of ice crystals occurred during storage; however, these changes did not significantly affect the sensory parameters throughout the storage. On this way, cassava bagasse and maltodextrin have potential use as ice cream ingredients. Keywords: storage, fibers, fat reduction, agroindustrial waste.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

RESUMO: Inventariar as encostas em áreas urbanas não é tarefa fácil. Essa fenomenologia necessita que o pesquisador tenha técnicas para caracterizar condicionantes como a topografia, geologia e climatologia da área em questão. Desastres podem ser provocados por fenômenos naturais associados, num primeiro momento, a eventos mais globais como terremotos, tsunamis, erupções vulcânicas e furacões, mas podem ocorrer também em função de processos e fenômenos mais localizados, como inundações, seca/estiagem, movimentos de massa, entre outros. Esses processos podem também estar associados ou serem induzidos pelas atividades humanas, principalmente devido a ocupação desordenada. Desta forma, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar duas áreas de risco (rua Prado Omena e bairro Alto São Simeão) no município de Branquinha, Alagoas, Brasil. As áreas analisadas sofrem constantemente processos de escorregamento. No período da quadra chuvosa, que se estende do final de abril a início de setembro, os escorregamentos ficam explícitos e perigosos. Como metodologia, foi aplicado questionários e realizadas visitas a 35 famílias. Os dados dos questionários ao serem tabulados mostraram que a população enfrenta condições adversas, principalmente por não possuir infraestrutura adequada, e faltam profissionais técnicos nos órgãos municipais, principalmente na Defesa Civil. Os moradores relatam que os escorregamentos provocam situações desagradáveis que vão desde bloqueio de vias de circulação à soterramento de casas. Além disso, provocam diversos danos ambientais, alterando a paisagem urbana, tornando-a mais vulnerável a novas ocorrências. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Descaso público, áreas de risco, políticas públicas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

RESUMO: A arborização urbana é um tema de grande importância no planejamento das cidades, pois proporciona um equilíbrio entre o meio ambiente e as construções, melhorando a qualidade de vida da população. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho inventariar a composição vegetal urbana da Avenida Arsênio Moreira no bairro Monumento e da Rua Santa Sofia no bairro Camoxinga, Santana do Ipanema – AL, As principiais ruas dos referidos bairros. Avaliando a riqueza de espécies, sua origem (nativa ou exótica), qualidade de podas (conflitos com redes), afloramento do sistema radicular e seu diagnostico fitossanitário. Os dados foram coletados através de visitas in loco, utilizando o método de amostragem denominado inventário quali-quantitativo, também chamado de inventário do tipo censo. Foram levantados um total de 133 indivíduos, distribuídos em 8 famílias e 12 espécies, destas, uma espécie não foi identificada. As duas espécies mais frequentes foram Ficus benjamina L. (Figueira) com 57 indivíduos, seguida Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (Algaroba), com 34 indivíduos. Foi notável o predomínio de espécies exóticas, na qual 8 das 11 espécies catalogadas são exóticas. Além disso, 83 indivíduos tinham necessidade de poda, uma vez que estava em contato com redes elétricas e telefônicas. E em 26 ndivíduos tinham raízes expostas, a Ficus benmina L e Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC, foram as que mais necessitavam de poda, em alguns casos causando obstruções em calçadas. Em relação ao diagnostico fitossanitário não foi encontrado praga em nenhuma das espécies. Tais resultados podem ser úteis no manejo da arborização viária do município, podendo servir de subsídio para direcionar a tomada de decisões futuras. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Levantamento. Vegetação Urbana. Sertão alagoano.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The article presents how application of optical methods of imaging may aid control of more and more widespread stenting procedure. Modern gastro-videoendoscopy is especially useful in such therapeutic effects made in particular parts of the alimentary tract. The shown selected examples relate to results of real studies made in cooperation with medical specialists Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "Examples of acquisition and application of biooptical signals", Phot. Lett. Poland 11, 2 (2019). CrossRef P. Listewnik and A. Mazikowski, "Automatic system for optical parameters measurements of biological tissues", Phot. Lett. Poland 10, 3 (2018). CrossRef J-S. Park, S. Jeong, and D. H. Lee, "Recent Advances in Gastrointestinal Stent Development", Clin. Endosc. 48, 3 (2015). CrossRef B.S. Dhillon, "Medical device reliability and associated areas" (Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC 2000). CrossRef J.F. Rey, R. Lambert, and The ESGE Quality Assurance Committee, "ESGE Recommendations for Quality Control in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Guidelines for Image Documentation in Upper and Lower GI Endoscopy", Endoscopy 33 (2001). CrossRef W.M. Saltzman, "Biomedical engineering. Bridging medicine and technology" (Cambridge University Press 2009). CrossRef F.A. Duck, "Physical properties of tissue: a comprehensive reference book" (San Diego, Academia Press 1990). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "One-dimensional representation of light-tissue interaction for application in noninvasive oximetry", Opt. Eng. 36, 4 (1997). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, P. Skrzywanek, and A. Sowier, "Utilization of Miniprobes in Modern Endoscopic Ultrasonography", IEEE Sensors Journal 6, 5 (2006). CrossRef T. Mahmood, M.A. Scaffidi, R Khan, and S.Ch. Grover, "Virtual reality simulation in endoscopy training: Current evidence and future directions", World Journal of Gastroenterol. 24, 48 (2018). CrossRef https://medical.olympusamerica.com DirectLink

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In this work, a compact, stable dual-wavelength Q-switched laser with a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) slurry as saturable absorber (SA) which is independent of any host polymer has been demonstrated. The MWCNTs slurry is fabricated and the peak shift is investigated using Raman spectroscopy.The passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) oscillated simultaneously at 1532.32 nm and 1556.97 nm with 24.67 nm peak separation, at threshold and maximum input power of 26mW and 74mW respectively.By increasing the input pump power from 36 mW to 74 mW, the pulse train repetition rate increases from 25 kHz to 78 kHz, while the pulse width is reduced from 17.84 us to 5.24 ?s. The generated pulse produced maximum pulse energy and maximum peak power of 11.97 nJ and 2.05 mW, respectively at maximum input pump power. The recorded signal to noise ratio is about 62 dB and shows that the proposed MWCNTs slurry based SAis able to generate dual wavelength Q-switched pulse laser with high stability pulse. Full Text: PDF ReferencesL.Liu, Z. Zheng, X. Zhao,S. Sun, Y. Bian, Y. Su, J. Liu, and J. Zhu, "Dual-wavelength passively Q-switched Erbium doped fiber laser based on an SWNT saturable absorber", Optics Communications 294, 267 (2013). CrossRef Z. Luo, M. Zhou, J. Weng, G. Huang, H. Xu, C. Ye, and Z. Cai, "Graphene-based passively Q-switched dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser", Optics Letters 35, 3709 (2010). CrossRef F. Lou, R. Zhao, J. He, Z. Jia, X. Su, Z. Wang, J. Hou, and B. Zhang, "Nanosecond-pulsed, dual-wavelength, passively Q-switched ytterbium-doped bulk laser based on few-layer MoS2 saturable absorber", Photon. Res. 3, A25 (2015). CrossRef F. A. A. Rashid et al., "Using a black phosphorus saturable absorber to generate dual wavelengths in a Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser", Laser Phys. Lett. 13, 1 (2016). CrossRef J. Sotor, G. Sobon, I. Pasternak, K. Krzempek, G. Dudzik, A. Krajewska, W. Strupinski, and K. M. Abramski, "Dual-wavelength fiber mode-locked laser based on graphene saturable absorber", Proc. of SPIE 8961, 89612A (2014). CrossRef S. Alwarappan, and A. Kumar, Graphene-Based Nanomaterials (Boca Rota, CRC Press 2014).N. Taib, N. Bidin, H. Haris, N. N. Adnan, M. Ahmad, and S. W. Harun, "Multi-walled carbon nanotubes saturable absorber in Q-switching flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG laser", Optics & Laser Technology 79, 193 (2016). CrossRef M. Ahmad, A. Latiff, Z. Zakaria, and S. Harun, "Q-Switched Ultrafast TDFL Using MWCNTs-SA at 2 ?m Region", International Journal of Computer and Communication Engneering 3, 446 (2014). CrossRef H. Ahmad, K. Z. Hamdan, F. D. Muhammad, S. W. Harun, and M. Z. Zulkifli, "Switchable dual-wavelength CNT-based Q-switched using arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG)", Applied Physics B 118, 269 (2015). CrossRef J. M. Dudley and J. R. Taylor, Supercontinuum Generation in Optical Fibres (New York, Cambridge University Press 2010). CrossRef H. Ahmad, M. A. M. Salim, M. R. K. Soltanian, S. R. Azzuhri, and S. W. Harun, "Passively dual-wavelength Q-switched ytterbium doped fiber laser using Selenium Bismuth as saturable absorber", Journal of Modern Optics 62, 1550 (2015). CrossRef H. Chu et al., "Dual-Wavelength Passively Q-Switched Nd,Mg:LiTaO3 Laser With a Monolayer Graphene as Saturable Absorber", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 21, 1600705 (2015). CrossRef Z. T. Wang, Y. Chen, C. J. Zhao, H. Zhang, and S. C. Wen, "Switchable Dual-Wavelength Synchronously Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on Graphene Saturable Absorber", IEEE Photonics Journal 4, 869 (2012). CrossRef J. H. Liu et al., "Passively Q-switched dual-wavelength Yb:LSO laser based on tungsten disulphide saturable absorber", Chin. Phys. B 25, 034207 (2016). CrossRef Z. C. Tiu et al, "Multi-wavelength Q-switched Erbium-doped fiber laser with photonic crystal fiber and multi-walled carbon nanotubes", Journal of Modern Optics 61, 1133 (2014). CrossRef

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

PURPOSE: This book provides step-by-step guidance on developing a sound publication strategy for how to prepare and get research papers published. The book is a user-friendly guide, a route map for publishing that covers many topics, ranging from abstracts and blogs, tables and trial registration to ethical principles and conventions for writing scientific papers. Publishing the results of scientific research in the form of a scientific paper is the ultimate goal and the final stage of the research of each scientist. To write and publish papers is never going to be an easy task. With this book as their guide, researchers will be better informed and therefore should have an easier and altogether more pleasant path to publication with clear direction on how to choose the right journal, avoid publication delays, and resolve authorship disputes and many other problems associated with scientific publishing.CONTENTS: The 188 pages of the book are distributed in 5 chapters in Part I and 249 entries ordered by the letters of Alphabet in Part II creating an A to Z of publication strategy. In the Appendices there are four sections covering further reading, organizations, guidelines and principles of good publication practice for company-sponsored medical research. The book also contains key references and useful websites within many entries where it seemed helpful. The last ten pages of the book present an index to help users to find the information of interest in the book.CONCLUSION: The book is intended to help all authors, young and old, novice and experienced, to plan their research and publications effectively and prepare manuscripts for journals and other publications, increasing the likelihood that their work will be published. Providing essential information on publishing strategy and process, the book should be extremely useful to everyone who wants to publish research results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Ferrimagnetic nanoparticles are used in biotechnology (as drug carriers, biosensors, elements of diagnostic sets, contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging), catalysis, electronics, and for the production of magnetic fluids and magnetorheological suspensions, etc. The use of magnetic nanoparticles requires enhanced magnetic characteristics, in particular, high saturation magnetisation.The aim of our study was to obtain single-phased magnetic nanoparticles of MnxFe3–xO4 solid solutions at room temperature. We also studied the dependence of the changes in their structure, morphology, and magnetic properties on the degree of substitution in order to determine the range of the compounds with the highest magnetisation value.A number of powders of Mn-substituted magnetite MnxFe3–xO4 (x = 0 – 1.8) were synthesized by means of co-precipitation from aqueous solutions of salts. The structural and micro-structural features and magnetic properties of the powders were studied using magnetic analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy.The X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy confirm the formation of single-phase compounds with cubic spinel structures. The maximum increase in saturation magnetization as compared to non-substituted magnetite was observed for Mn0.3Fe2.7O4 (Ms = 68 A·m2·kg–1 at 300 K and Ms = 85 A·m2·kg–1 at 5 K). This is associated with the changes in the cation distribution between the tetrahedral and octahedral cites.A method to control the magnetic properties of magnetite by the partial replacement of iron ions in the magnetite structure with manganese has been proposed in the paper. The study demonstrated that it is possible to change the magnetisation and coercivity of powders by changing the degree of substitution. The maximum magnetisation corresponds to the powder Mn0.3Fe2.7O4. The nanoparticles obtained by the proposed method have a comparatively high specific magnetisation and a uniform size distribution. Therefore the developed materials can be used for the production of magnetorheological fluidsand creation of magnetically controlled capsules for targeted drug delivery and disease diagnostics in biology and medicine (magnetic resonance imaging). References1. Gubin C. G., Koksharov Yu. A., Khomutov G. B.,Yurkov G. Yu. Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation,structure and properties. Russian Chemical Reviews2005;74(6): 539–574. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=90858192. Skumr yev V. , Stoyanov S. , Zhang Y. ,Hadjipanayis G., Givord D., Nogués J. Beating thesuperparamagnetic limit with exchange bias. Nature.2003;423(6943): 850–853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature016873. Joseph A., Mathew S. Ferrofluids: syntheticstrategies, stabilization, physicochemical features, characterization, and applications. ChemPlusChem.2014;79(10): 1382–1420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.2014022024. Mathew D. S., Juang R.-S. An overview of thestructure and magnetism of spinel ferrite nanoparticlesand their synthesis in microemulsions. ChemicalEngineering Journal. 2007:129(1–3): 51–65. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.11.0015. Rewatkar K. G. Magnetic nanoparticles:synthesis and properties. Solid State Phenomena.2016:241: 177–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.241.1776. Tartaj P., Morales M. P., Veintemillas-VerdaguerS., Gonzalez-Carre´no T., Serna C. J. Thepreparation of magnetic nanoparticles for applicationsin biomedicine. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics.2003: 36 (13): 182–197. DOI: : https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/2027. West A. Khimiya tverdogo tela. Teoriya iprilozheniya [Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications].In 2 parts Part 1. Transl. from English. Moscow, Mir,1988 558 p.8. Spravochnik khimika: V 6 t. 2-e izd. Obshchiyesvedeniya. Stroyeniye veshchestva. Svoystva vazhneyshikhveshchestv. Laboratornaya tekhnika [Chemist’sHandbook: In 6 volumes, 2nd ed. General information.The structure of matter. Properties of the mostimportant substances. Laboratory equipment]. B. P.Nikolskiy (ed.) Moscow – Leningrad: GoskhimizdatPubl.; 1963. V. 1. 1071 p. (In Russ.)9. Zhuravlev G. I. Khimiya i tekhnologiya ferritov[Ferrite chemistry and technology]. Leningrad:Khimiya Publ.; 1970. p. 192. (In Russ.)10. Mason B. Mineralogical aspects of the systemFeO-Fe2O3-MnO-Mn2O3. Geologiska Föreningen iStockholm Förhandlingar. 1943;65(2): 97–180. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/1103589430944714211. Guillemet-Fritsch S., Navrotsky A., TailhadesPh., Coradin H., Wang M. Thermochemistry of ironmanganese oxide spinels. Journal of Solid StateChemistry. 2005;178(1):106–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2004.10.03112. Ortega D. Structure and magnetism in magneticnanoparticles. In: Magnetic Nanoparticles: FromFabrication to Clinical Applications. Boca Raton: CRCPress; 2012. p. 3–72. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1201/b11760-313. Kodama T., Ookubo M., Miura S., Kitayama Y.Synthesis and characterization of ultrafine Mn(II)-bearing ferrite of type MnxFe3-xO4 by coprecipitation.Materials Research Bulletin... 1996:31(12): 1501–1512.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5408(96)00146-814. Al-Rashdi K. S., Widatallah H., Al Ma’Mari F.,Cespedes O., Elzain M., Al-Rawas A., Gismelseed A.,Yousif A. Structural and mossbauer studies ofnanocrystalline Mn2+ doped Fe3O4 particles. HyperfineInteract. 2018:239(1): 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-017-1476-915. Modaresi N., Afzalzadeh R., Aslibeiki B.,Kameli P. Competition between the Impact of cationdistribution and crystallite size on properties ofMnxFe3–xO4 nanoparticles synthesized at roomtemperature. Ceramics International. 2017:43(17):15381–15391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.08.079

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The density functional theory is one of the optimal solutions in calculation of optical properties of materials on the quantum scale. In this paper, we have investigated refractive index of a boron-doped diamond structure with the usage of Atomistic Toolkit software from Synopsys. During this study, various methods and pseudopotentials were checked to obtain an optimal performance-accuracy method for calculation of such materials. Leading method used in calculation was used meta-GGA with Fritz-Haber Institute pseudopotential. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Kohn and L. J. Sham, "Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects", Phys. Rev., vol. 140, no. 4A, pp. A1133–A1138 (1965). CrossRef J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, and M. Ernzerhof, "Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 77, no. 18, pp. 3865–3868 (1996). CrossRef Y. Yan, J. Gong, and Z. Zong, "Superconductivity of p-type diamond (001) and (111) thin films: Ab initio calculations", Thin Solid Films, vol. 518, no. 17, pp. 4989–4996 (2010). CrossRef M. P. Desjarlais, "Density functional calculations of the reflectivity of shocked xenon with ionization based gap corrections", Contributions to Plasma Physics, vol. 45, no. 3–4, pp. 300–304 (2005). CrossRef L. G. Ferreira, M. Marques, and L. K. Teles, "Approximation to density functional theory for the calculation of band gaps of semiconductors", Physical Review B, vol. 78, no. 12, (2008). CrossRef J. M. Soler et al., "The SIESTA method for ab initio order- N materials simulation", Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 2745–2779 (2002). CrossRef L. Kleinman and D. M. Bylander, "Efficacious Form for Model Pseudopotentials", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 48, no. 20, pp. 1425–1428 (1982). CrossRef Synopsys QuantumWise, Atomistix Toolkit version 2017.12.F. Tran and P. Blaha, "Accurate Band Gaps of Semiconductors and Insulators with a Semilocal Exchange-Correlation Potential", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 102, no. 22, p. 226401 (2009). CrossRef D. R. Lide, Ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd Edition, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, 2002.N. Troullier and J. L. Martins, "Efficient pseudopotentials for plane-wave calculations", Phys. Rev. B, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1993–2006 (1991). CrossRef W. A. Harrison, Solid state theory. McGraw-Hill, 1970.M. Sobaszek et al., "Optical and electrical properties of ultrathin transparent nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes", Optical Materials, vol. 42, pp. 24–34 (2015). CrossRef M. Ficek et al., "Optical and electrical properties of boron doped diamond thin conductive films deposited on fused silica glass substrates", Applied Surface Science, vol. 387, pp. 846–856 (2016). CrossRef R. Maezono, A. Ma, M. D. Towler, and R. J. Needs, "Equation of State and Raman Frequency of Diamond from Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 98, no. 2, p. 025701 (2007). CrossRef R. Bogdanowicz et al., "Opto-Electrochemical Sensing Device Based on Long-Period Grating Coated with Boron-Doped Diamond Thin Film", J. Opt. Soc. Korea, JOSK, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 705–710, (2015). CrossRef M. Ficek et al., "Linear antenna microwave chemical vapour deposition of diamond films on long-period fiber gratings for bio-sensing applications", Opt. Mater. Express, OME, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 3952–3962 (2017). CrossRef M. Ficek, R. Bogdanowicz, and J. Ryl, "Nanocrystalline CVD Diamond Coatings on Fused Silica Optical Fibres: Optical Properties Study", Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 868–873 (2015). CrossRef P. J. Stephens, F. J. Devlin, C. F. Chabalowski, and M. J. Frisch, "Ab Initio Calculation of Vibrational Absorption and Circular Dichroism Spectra Using Density Functional Force Fields", J. Phys. Chem., vol. 98, no. 45, pp. 11623–11627 (1994). CrossRef P. Rivero, W. Shelton, and V. Meunier, "Surface properties of hydrogenated diamond in the presence of adsorbates: A hybrid functional DFT study", Carbon, vol. 110, pp. 469–479 (2016). CrossRef

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Iniciamos esta apresentação da décima segunda edição da Revista Docência e Cibercultura (ReDoC) nos solidariezando com as famílias vítimas da pandemia da Covid-19. Infelizmente já foram ceifadas mais de 500 mil vidas no Brasil, muitas delas, poderiam ter sido evitadas se não fossem as necropolíticas – “formas contemporâneas que subjugam a vida ao poder da morte” (MBEMBE, 2016, p. 146) – adotadas na gestão da pandemia. As cecropolíticas vêm sendo operacionalizadas em diversos setores de nossa sociedade, como educação, saúde, meio ambientel, trabalho etc., refletindo na democracia e nas relações sociais e institucionais.Entendemos que as necropolíticas potencializam a deformação na/da sociedade, deformação que “está conectada aos modos de governar que se alinham a uma inteligibilidade fascizante, voltada aos enquadramentos heterocisnormativos branco-racistas dos corpos, à desumanização dx outrx” (CARVALHO, 2021, p. 26). No extremo, as necropolíticas levam à letalização da diferença – a diferença se torna letal (POCAHY, 2018).Por outro lado, temos acampanhando e cartografado inúmeras experiências (ciber)insurgentes que se rebelam contras as necropolíticas e também contra todas as formas de fascismos, racismo, LGBTI+fobia, machismo, xenofobia etc. (YORK, 2020; SANTOS; FERNANDES; YORK, 2020; TRANCOSO; MADDALENA; SANTOS, 2020; CARVALHO; POCAHY, 2020a; 2020b). Partimos da compreensão de que essas experiências produzem outras possibilidades de (re)existir em tempos de ódio às diferenças. Consideramos essas experiências como “desformativas” – é uma aposta de positividade (inspirações queers), no sentido da crítica aos modos de governar dentro da inteligibilidade heterocisnormativa branco-racista, de um ideal de humano que se produziu nos rastros da modernidade, que vem reverberando nos dias de hoje.Desformação é pensada, aqui, a partir daquelas múltiplas experiências formativas que os corpos nomeados como “desviantes”, “abjetos”, produzem como alternativas para tentar se manter vivos, a partir de outras formas de habitar a vida cotidiana, de se formar e ser formado com outrxs corpos desviantes avessos aos enquadramentos normativos, subvertendo-os, insurgindo-se, sempre que possível (CARVALHO, 2021, p. 27). Nesta edição da ReDoC, v. 5, n. 2, trazemos trabalhos que são desdobramentos de experiências desformativas. A seção Temática aborda “Macumba, cibercultura e luta antirracista”. Está composta por quartoze artigos: “Ogum – orixá da internet: forjando as redes sociais como ferramentas de luta antirracista” de Cristiano Sant’Anna de Medeiros, Isadora Souza da Silva e João Victor Gonçalves Ferreira; “O candomblé sob a mira do racismo e do terrorismo religioso: ataques, categorias e identidades reinventadas” escrito po Ozaias Silva Rodrigues; “As relações raciais na educação de jovens e adultos trabalhadores: desafios à ciência geográfica” de autoria de Tiago Dionisio da Silva; “Terreiro e produção de epistemologias decoloniais: narrativas de um pesquisador-filho de santo” redigido por João Augusto dos Reis Neto; “Processos de formação humana: I Encontro Nacional de Crianças de Axé” produzido por Gustavo Jaime Filizola e Aurino Lima Ferreira; “O ensino afroperspectivista em sala de aula por um olhar outro da educação” de Denis Harmony da Silva e Cecília Conceição Moreira Soares; “Entre a regularidade e o desafio da aplicação da lei 10.639/03: o ressoar e a resistência dos tambores no trato pedagógico” discutido por Waldinéia Teles Pereira e Renato Alves de Carvalho Júnior.Ainda na seção Temática, temos os artigos “Pela boca da criança: pensando gênero e sexualidades a partir da infância de terreiro” de autoria de Adelson Cezar Ataide Costa Junior; “Macumba em escola pública no interior sergipano Tranca Rua visita escola de ensino médio em tempo integral” escrito por Jaime Rodrigues Da Silva, Cláudia Regina Cardoso Rodrigues da Silva e Bárbara Regina Cardoso Rodrigues da Silva; “Maíra Azevedo: uma influenciadora digital na rede ciberaxé” do autor Lúcio André Andrade da Conceição; “Educação para as relações étnico-raciais: possibilidade da educação e um currículo antirracista?” de Lílian Carine Madureira Vieira da Silva, Rita Cristine Basso Soares Severo; “Fé e resistência: por uma teologia do respeito” dos autores Jorge Luís Rodrigues dos Santos e Matheus Motta dos Santos; “Luta antirracista na educação infantil em tempos de pandemia: o que as táticas docentes revelam?” das autoras Daise Santos Pereira, Marcia Guerra Pereira, Alana Alves Pereira e Maria Cecília Ribeiro Paixão; “A Lei 10639 e sua maior idade. Há o que se comemorar?”de Leonor Franco Araujo fechando a seção temática. Contamos na seção “Relato de Experiência” com o relato de Wudson Guilherme de Oliveira sobre “A decoloniedade dos Povos Bantu na luta antirracista no chão da escola: uma experiência de intervenção”. Já na seção “Produções Artísticas, Literárias e Culturais” encontramos os trabalhos “O conforto que veio do traçado das crianças de terreiro” produzido por Janaína Viana Corrêa; “Fabulações imagéticas e produção de outras existências negras possíveis” das autoras Maíra Mello e Maria da Conceição Silva Soares; “Fotos etnográficas como prática de pesquisa na pandemia – O que dizem as imagens?” de autoria de Juliana Braga Teperino; “Palavras lidas” da autora Camila Santos Pereira; e “Dois aniversários durante a pandemia” da autora Anamaria Ladeira Pereira.Já na seção Fluxo Continuo, temos o artigo “Não sei se você entende, as coisas estão ai e a gente não consegue ver, não é não consegue ver, não consegue é entender” do autor Gregorio Galvão de Albuquerque. Finalizamos a presente edição com a seção Resenha com o trabalho “Live-Lançamento de livro do Prof. Dr. Roberto Sidnei Macedo” escrito por Mirian Maia do Amaral.São esses vinte e dois trabalhos distribuídos pelas seções “Temática”, “relato de Experiências “, “Produções Artísticas, Literárias e Culturais”, “Fluxo Continuo” e “Resenha” que compõem esta edição da ReDoC. Cabe destacar que a ReDoC está disponível em suporte digital em rede. É um periódico quadrimestral, de orientação pluralista, voltado à discussão de produções originais elaboradas pela comunidade científica nacional e internacional, da área de Educação e do Ensino e suas interfaces com a cibercultura, identidade, diferença. A ReDOC aceita Artigos, Relatos de Experiência, Pontos de Vista, Resenhas, Ensaios, Entrevistas, Conversas, Bibliografias Comentadas, Produções Artísticas e Culturais, Vídeo-Pesquisa, e Resumos de Dissertações e de Teses.Desejamos uma excelente leitura a todas, todes, todxs e todos!

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Исследованием термооксидирования фосфида индия под воздействием фосфата висмута, вводимого через газовую фазу, установлено ускоряющее воздействие фосфата висмута на процесс формирования пленок. Величина ускорения составляет от 1.5 до 2 раз, и максимальный прирост пленки достигается в первые 10 мин оксидирования. Определяющим процессом является образование фосфата индия за счет вторичного взаимодействия оксидных форм компонентов подложки, лимитируемое диффузией оксидов в твердой фазе. Методами инфракрасной спектроскопии, локального рентгеноспектрального микроанализа и рентгенофазового анализа установлен состав пленок на поверхности InP, основными компонентами которого являются различные фосфаты индия REFERENCES Wager J. F., Wilmsen C. W. Thermal oxidation of InP. Appl. Phys., 1980, v. 51(1), pp. 812–814. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.327302 Yamaguchi M., Ando K. Thermal oxidation of InP and properties of oxide fi lm. Appl. Phys., 1980, v. 5(9), pp. 5007–5012. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3283803. Mittova I. Ya., Borzakova G. V., Terekhov V. A., Mittov O. N, Pshestanchik V. R., Kashkarov V. M. Growth of own oxide layers on indium phosphide. Izvestija AN SSSR. Serija Neorganicheskie Materialy [News of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Series Inorganic Materials], 1991, v. 27(10), pp. 2047–2051. (in Russ.) Mittova I. Ya., Borzakova G. V., Terekhov V. A., Mittov O. N, Pshestanchik V. R., Kashkarov V. M. Growth of own oxide layers on indium phosphide. Izvestija AN SSSR. Serija Neorganicheskie Materialy [News of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Series Inorganic Materials], 1991, v. 27(10), pp. 2047–2051. (in Russ.) Minaychev V. Ye. Naneseniye plonok v vakuume. [Film deposition in vacuum]. Moscow, Vyssh. Shkola Publ., 1989, 130 p. (in Russ.) Nikitin M. M. Tekhnologiya i oborudovaniye vakuumnogo napyleniya [Technology and equipment for vacuum deposition]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1992, 112 p. (in Russ.) Veselov A. A., Veselov A. G., Vysotsky S. L., Dzhumaliyev A. S., Filimonov Yu. A. Magnetic properties of thermally deposited Fe/GaAs (100) thin fi lms. J Technical Physics, 2002, v. 47(8), pp. 1067–1070. https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1501694 Danilin B. S. Magnetronnyye raspylitel’nyye sistemy [Magnetron Spray Systems]. Moscow, Radio i svyaz’ Publ., 1982, 72 p. Pulver D., Wilmsen C.W. Thermal oxides of In0.5Ga0.5P and In0.5Al0.5P. Vac. Sci. Technol. B., 2001, v. 19(1), pp. 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1342008 Punkkinen M. P. J., Laukkanen P., Lеng J., Kuzmin M., Tuominen M., Tuominen V., Dahl J., Pessa M., Guina M., Kokko K., Sadowski J., Johansson B., Väyrynen I. J., Vitos L. Oxidized In-containing III–V(100) surfaces: Formation of crystalline oxide fi lms and semiconductor-oxide interfaces. Physical review, 2011, v. 83(19), pp. 195–329. https://doi.org/10.1103/Phys-RevB.83.195329 Sladkopevtsev B. V., Tomina E. V., Mittova I. Ya., Dontsov A. I., Pelipenko D. I. On the thermal oxidation of VxOy–InP heterostructures formed by the centrifugation of vanadium (V) oxide gel. Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, 2016, v. 10(2), pp. 335–340. https://doi.org/10.1134/S102745101602018X Ningyi Y. Comparison of VO2 thin fi lms prepared by inorganic sol-gel and IBED methods. Appl. Phys. A., 2003, v. 78. pp. 777–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-002-2057-5 Herman M. A., Sitter H. Epitaxy: Fundamentals and Current Status. Heidelberg, Springer Science & Business Media, 2013, 382 p. Manijeh R. The MOCVD Challenge: A survey of GaInAsP–InP and GaInAsP–GaAs for photonic and electronic device applications. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2010, 799 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439807002 Mittova Ya. Multichannel reactions in chemostimulated oxidation of semiconductors – transit, conjugation, catalysis. Vestnik VGU. Serija: Himija, biologija [Bulletin of the VSU. Series: Chemistry, Biology], 2000, 2, pp. 5–12. (in Russ.) Mittova Ya. Infl uence of the physicochemical nature of chemical stimulators and the way they are introduced into a system on the mechanism of the thermal oxidation of GaAs and InP. Inorganic Materials, 2014, V. 50(9), pp. 874–881. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168514090088. Brauer G. A. Rukovodstvo po neorganicheskomu sintezu [Inorganic Synthesis Guide]. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1985, 360 с. (in Russ.) Nakamoto K. Infared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds. New York, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1986, 335 p. Atlas IK-spektrov fosfatov [Atlas IR spectra of phosphates]. by R.YA. Mel’nikovoy. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1985, 235 p. (in Russ.) Brandon D., Kaplan W. Microstructural Characterization of Materials. 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008, 536 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470727133 International Center for Diffraction Data. 21. X-ray diffraction date cards, ASTM. X-ray diffraction date cards, ASTM. Kazenas B.K. Termodinamika ispareniya dvoynykh oksidov. [Thermodynamics of double oxide evaporation]. Мoscow, Nauka Publ., 2004, 551 p. (in Russ.)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Бинарные и сложные халькогениды с тетрадимитоподобной слоистой структурой представляют большой практический интерес как топологические изоляторы, термоэлектрические и оптоэлектронные материалы. Их фундаментальные термодинамические функции в совокупности с фазовыми диаграммами важны для разработки и оптимизации методов синтеза и выращивания кристаллов. В работе представлены результаты термодинамического исследования исходных соединений и твердых растворов системы Bi2Se3-Bi2Te3 методом электродвижущих сил (ЭДС). Различные модификации этого метода широко применяются для исследования бинарных и сложных халькогенидов металлов. Исследования проводили измерением ЭДС концентрационных цепей типа:(–) Bi (тв.) | ионная жидкость + Bi3+ | Bi в сплаве (тв.) (+) в интервале температур 300-450 K.В качестве правых электродов были использованы предварительно синтезированные равновесные сплавы Bi2Se3–хTex (х = 0; 0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.0; 2.4; 3.0) с 0.5 ат. % избытком теллура. В качестве электролита использовали ионную жидкость (формиат морфолина) с добавлением BiCl3.Полученные экспериментальные данные обработаны с помощью компьютерной программы «Microsoft Office Excel 2003» методом наименьших квадратов и получены линейные уравнения типа E = a + bT. Из полученных уравнений температурных зависимостей ЭДС рассчитаны относительные парциальные молярные функции висмута в сплавах. На основании диаграммы твердофазных равновесий системы Bi–Se–Te были определены уравнения потенциалобразующих реакций, с использованием которых вычислены стандартные термодинамические функцииобразования и стандартные энтропии соединений Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 и твердых растворов Bi2Se3–xTex вышеуказанных составов. Также вычислены термодинамические функции образования твердых растворов Bi2Se3–xTex из исходных бинарных соединений. Полученные результаты хорошо коррелируют со структурными данными о том, что в кристаллической решетке b-фазы состава Bi2SeTe2 в расположении атомов селена и теллура наблюдается некоторая упорядоченность – атомы селена преимущественно занимают центральный слой пятислойника, а атомы теллура – два внешних слоя. ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Rowe D. M. Thermoelectrics Handbook: Macro toNano. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, Taylor & FrancisGroup; 2006. 1008 р.2. Шевельков А. В. Химические аспекты созда-ния термоэлектрических материалов. Успехи химии.2008;77(1): 3–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1070/rc2008v077n01abeh0037463. Adam A. M., Lilov E., Ibrahim E. M. M., Petkov P.,Panina L. V., Darwish M. A. Correlation of structuraland optical properties in as-prepared and annealedBi2Se3 thin films. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2019;264: 76–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.09.0054. Wang Q., Wu X., Wu L., Xiang Y. Broadbandnonlinear optical response in Bi2Se3-Bi2Te3 heterostructureand its application in all-optical switching.AIP Advances 9. 2019; 025022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.50827255. Hosokawa Y., Wada K., Tanaka M., Tomita K.,Takashiri M. Thermal annealing effect on structuraland thermoelectric properties of hexagonal Bi2Te3nanoplate thin films by drop-casting technique. JapaneseJournal of Applied Physics. 2017;57(2S2): 02CC02.DOI: https://doi.org/10.7567/jjap.57.02cc026. Adam A. M., Elshafaie A., Abd El-Moez A. M.,Petkov P., Ibrahim E. M. M. Thermoelectric propertiesof Te doped bulk Bi2Se3 system. Materials ResearchExpress. 2018;5(3): 035514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aab5e87. Flammini R., Colonna S., Hogan C., Mahatha S.,Papagno M., Barla A., Sheverdyaeva P., Moras P.,Aliev Z., Babanly M. B, Chulkov E. V., Carbone C.,Ronci F. Evidence of b-antimonene at the Sb/Bi2Se3interface. Nanotechnology. 2018;29(6): 065704. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aaa2c48. Hogan C., Holtgrewe K., Ronci F., Colonna S.,Sanna S., Moras P., Sheverdyaeva P. M., Mahatha S.,Papagno M., Aliev Z. S., Babanly M. B., Chulkov E. V.,Carbone C., Flammini R. Temperature driven phasetransition at the antimonene/Bi2Se3 van der Waalsheterostructure. ACS Nano. 2019;13(9): 10481–10489.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b043779. Otrokov M. M., Ernst A., Mohseni K., Fulara H.,Roy S., Castro G. R., Rubio-Zuazo J., RyabishchenkovaA. G., Kokh K. A., Tereshchenko O. E., Aliev Z. S.,Babanly M. B., Chulkov E. V., Meyerheim H. L., ParkinS. S. P. Geometric and electronic structure of theCs‑doped Bi2Se3(0001) surface. Phys. Rev. B. 2017;95(20):205429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.95.20542910. Lamuta C., Cupolillo A., Politano A., Aliev Z. S.,Babanly M. B., Chulkov E. V., Pagnotta L. Indentationfracture toughness of a single-crystal Bi2Te3 topologicalinsulator. Nano Research. 2016;9(4): 1032–1042.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-0995-z11. Viti L., Coquillat D., Politano A., Kokh K. A.,Aliev Z. S., Babanly M. B., Tereshchenko O. E., Knap W.,Chulkov E. V., Vitiello M. S. Plasma-wave terahertzdetection mediated by topological insulators surfacestates. Nano Letters. 2016;16(1): 80−87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b0290112. Babanly M. B., Chulkov E. V., Aliev Z. S., Shevel’kovA. V., Amiraslanov I. R. Phase diagrams inmaterials science of topological insulators based onmetal chalkogenides. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 2017;62(13):1703–1729. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602361713003413. Otrokov M. M., Klimovskikh I. I., Bentmann H.,et al. Prediction and observation of the antiferromagnetictopological insulator. Nature. 2019;576(7787):416–422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1840-914. Shanna Z., Gang S., Peng Z., Dechao M.,Genhao L., Xiaofang Z., Yalin L., Yongqing L., Lan C.,Kehui W. Growth and transport properties of topologicalinsulator Bi2Se3 thin film on a ferromagneticinsulating substrate. Chinese Physics B. 2017;27(7).DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/27/7/07680115. Walsh L. A., Smyth C. M., Barton A. T., QingxiaoW., Zifan C., Ruoyu Y., Jiyoung K., Moon J. K.,Wallace R.M., Hinkle C. L. Interface chemistry of contactmetals and ferromagnets on the topological insulatorBi2Se3. J. Phys. Chem. C. 2017;121(42): 23551–23563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b0848016. Liguo Z., Dapeng Z., Yunyi Z., Yonghao Y.,Gaoyuan J., Menghan L., Ding Z., Ke H., Xucun M.,Qikun X. Ferromagnetism in vanadium-doped Bi2Se3topological insulator films. APL Materials. 2017;5(7):076106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.499054817. Воронин Г. Ф., Герасимо Ю. И. Роль химиче-ской термодинамики в развитии полупроводни-кового материаловедения. Термодинамика и полу-проводниковое материаловедение. M.: МИЭТ; 1980.с. 3–10. Режим доступа: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/0100106996118. Babanly M. B., Mashadiyeva L. F., Babanly D. M.,Imamaliyeva S. Z., Taghiyev D. B., Yusibov Y. A. Someissues of complex investigation of the phase equilibriaand thermodynamic properties of the ternary chalcogenidsystems by the EMF method. Russian J. Iniorg.Chem. 2019;64(13): 1649–1671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602361913003519. Barin I. Thermochemical data of pure substances.Third Edition. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 1995. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/978352761982520. Кubaschewski O., Alco*ck C. B., Spenser P. J.Materials Thermochemistry. New York: Pergamon Press;1993. 350 p.21. База данных термических констант веществ.Электронная версия под. ред. В. С. Юнгмана. 2006.http://www.chem.msu.su/cgi-bin/tkv.pl?show=welcom.html22. Герасимов Я. И., Крестовников А. Н, Гор-бов С. И. Химическая термодинамика в цветнойметаллургии. Справочник. т.6. М.: Металлургия;1974. 312 с.23. Sidorko V. R., Goncharuk L. V., Antonenko R. V.Thermodynamic properties of bismuth sesquiselenideand sesquitelluride and their solid solutions. PowderMetallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 2008;47: 234–241. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-008-9009-324. Воронин Г. Ф. Парциальные термодинами-ческие функции гетерогенных смесей и их приме-нение в термодинамике сплавов. / В кн.: Современ-ные проблемы физической химии. т. 9. М.: изд. МГУ;1976. 29–48 с.25. Вагнер K. Термодинамика сплавов. M.: Ме-таллургиздат; 1957. 179 с.26. Морачевский А. Г., Воронин Г. Ф., Гейде-рих В. А., Куценок И. Б. Электрохимическиеметоды исследования в термодинамике металлических сис-тем ИЦК. М.: Академкнига; 2003. 334 с27. Бабанлы М. Б., Юсибов Ю. А. Электрохими-ческие методы в термодинамике неорганическихсистем. Баку: ЭЛМ; 2011. 306 с.28. Vassiliev V., Gong W. Electrochemical cells withthe liquid electrolyte in the study of semiconductor,metallic and oxide systems. In: Electrochemical cells– new advances in fundamental researches and applications.Shao Y. Rijeka (ed.) IntechOpen; 2012. pp. 71–102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/3900729. Babanly D. M., Veliyeva G. M., ImamaliyevaS. Z., Babanly M. B. Thermodynamic functions ofarsenic selenides. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2017;91(7):170–1173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602441707004430. Aliev Z. S., Musayeva S. S., Jafarli F. Y.,Amiraslanov I. R., Shevelkov A. V., Babanly M. B. Thephase equilibria in the Bi–S–I ternary system andthermodynamic properties of the BiSI and Bi19S27I3ternary compounds. Journal of Alloys and Compounds.2014;610: 522–528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.05.01531. Jafarov Y. I., Ismaylova S. A., Aliev Z. S., ImamaliyevaS. Z., Yusibov Y. A., Babanly M. B. Experimentalstudy of the phase diagram and thermodynamicproperties of the Tl-Sb-S system. Calphad. 2016;55:231–237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2016.09.00732. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Babanly D. M., Gasanly T. M.,Tagiev D. B., Babanly M. B. Thermodynamic propertiesof Tl9GdTe6 and TlGdTe2. Russian Journal of PhysicalChemistry A. 2018;92(11): 2111–2117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602441811015833. Moroz M. V., Prokhorenko M. V., ProkhorenkoS. V., Yatskov M. V., Reshetnyak O. V. Thermodynamicproperties of AgIn2Te3I and AgIn2Te3Br, determinedby the EMF method. Russian Journal of PhysicalChemistry A. 2018;92(1): 19–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602441801016834. Козин Л.Ф., Нигметова Р. Ш. Термодинами-ческие свойства жидких сплавов олово–ртуть. Ж.Неорган. химии, 1963;8(11): 2556-2562.35. Aliev Z. S., Musayeva S. S. Imamaliyeva S. Z.,Babanlэ M. B. Thermodynamic study of antimonychalcoiodides by EMF method with an ionic liquid. J.Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2018;133(2): 1115–1120. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6812-436. Imamaliyeva S. Z., Musayeva S. S., BabanlyD. M., Jafarov Y. I., Tagiyev D. B., Babanly M. B.Determination of the thermodynamic functions ofbismuth chalcoiodides by EMF method with morpholiniumformate as electrolyte. Thermochimica Acta.2019;679: 178319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2019.17831937. Brigouleix C., Anouti M., Jacquemin J., Caillon-Caravanier M., Galiano H., Lemordant D. Physicochemicalcharacterization of morpholinium cationbased protic ionic liquids used as electrolytes. J. Phys.Chem. B. 2010;114(5): 1757–1766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp906917v38. Абрикосов Н. Х., Банкина В. Ф., Порец-кая Л. В. и др. Полупроводниковые халькогениды исплавы на их основе. М.: Наука; 1975. 220 с.39. Chizhevskaya S. N. Shelimova L. E. Se–Te phasediagram and structures of amorphous and crystallineSe1–xTex alloys: critical review. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem.1997;42(5): 827–837.40. Ghosh G., Lukas H. L., Delaey L. A thermodynamicassessment of the Se–Te system. Calphad.1988; 12(3):295–299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916(88)90010-741. Васильев В. П., Сомов А. П., Никольская А. В.,Герасимов Я. И. Исследование термодинамическихсвойства селенида висмута методом ЭДС. Ж. Физ.химии. 1968; 42(3): 675–678.42. Мелех Б. Т., Семенкович С. А. Термодина-мические свойства теллурида и селенида трехва-лентного висмута. Изв. АН СССР. Неорган. матер.1968;4(8): 1346–1348.43. Герасимов Я. И. и Никольская А. В. Термо-динамические свойства теллурида висмута (Bi2Te3)и теллурида сурьмы (Sb2Te3). В кн.: Металлургия ифизика полупроводников. М.: 1961. с. 30–33.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

En el Ecuador los problemas de hipoacusia generan en los niños que la padecen graves problemas de comunicación, al ser este un problema de más de 1000 casos al año, se requiere una solución de bajovcosto. Actualmente para solucionar problemas de hipoacusia causados por daños en el oído externo, seusan en casos audífonos de conducción ósea, que son dispositivos que se colocan mediante implante o mediante cintillos unidos a la cabeza, junto al hueso mastoides, este tipo de dispositivos generan rechazo en niños, debido a su incomodidad y evidente notoriedad. En este proyecto se hace uso de la metodología de la Ingeniería Kansei (IK), enfatizando en las emociones para el desarrollo de un dispositivo que cause respuestas positivas en los niños que lo usan y también en sus padres. Para aplicar el método de IK se plantearon 16 diseños de dispositivos de conducción ósea y mediante un análisis estadístico de la teoría de cuantificación se seleccionó un diseño que genere las emociones definidas en los usuarios. El dispositivo diseñado, luego de la evaluación realizada cubre las expectativas de los niños y genera una aceptación por parte del usuario. Palabra Claves: Kansei, audífono, conducción ósea, diseño de producto. Referencias [1]El Telégrafo, «La discapacidad auditiva afecta a 360 millones de personas en el mundo,» 28 septiembre 2017. [2]J. Nazer, G. Lay-Son y L. Cifuentes, «Prevalencia al nacimiento demicrotia-anotia. Maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidadde Chile, período 1983-2005,» Revista médica de Chile, 2006. [3]M. E. Arévalo Molina y D. E. Sánchez Navarrete, «Identificación de factores de riesgo de microtía en niños atendidos en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Pediátrico Baca Ortiz, en el período 2010 a 2014,» Universidad Católica del Ecuador , Quito, 2016. [4]Organización Mundial de la Salud, «Organización Mundial de la Salud,» 15 marzo 2019. [En línea]. Disponible en:https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss. [5]F. Coello, H. Cuevas y E. Andrade, «El tamizaje auditivo neonatal en Ecuador, un compromiso ineludible,» pp. 177-184, 2016. [6]M. F. Torres Saravia, «Estudio comparativo del nivel de desarrollo neuropsicológico en niños y niñas con deficiencia, » Quito, 2013. [7]R. Dauman, B. Carbonnièr, V. Soriano, S. Berger-Lautissier, J. Bouyé, E. Debruge, G. Coriat y J.-P. Bébéar, «Implantes cocleares en el adulto y en el niño,» Elsevier, pp. 1-13, 2000. [8]M. J. Lavilla Martín de Valmaseda, L. Cavalle Garrido, A. Huarte Irujo, F. Núnez Batalla, M. Manrique Rodriguez, Á. Ramos Macías, C. d. P. Vernetta, E. Gil-Carcedo Sañudo, L. Lassaleta, I. Sánchez-Cuadrado, J. M. Espinosa Sánchez, Á. Batuecas Caletrio y C. Cenjor Español, «Guía clínica sobre implantes de conducción de vía ósea,» Elsevier, pp. 761-766, 2017. [9]M. Nagamachi y A. M. Lokman, Innovations of Kansei Engineering, Tokyo: CRC Taylor & Francis Group, 2003. [10]I. Griha y T. Isa, «Kansei Engineering Approach in Software Interface Design Indra,» JOURNAL OF SCIENCE INNOVARE, vol. 01, nº 01, pp. 22-26, 2018. [11]I. Mañero y A. García, «El diseño Kansei y su aplicacion en la invención de una muleta de ayuda a la movilidad, » Revista Anales ICAI, vol. 1, nº 1, pp. 1-17, 2010. [12]Y. Wang y Y. Chen, «The Kansei Research on the Style of Women's Overcoats,» Multiconference on "Computational Engineering in Systems Applications"(CESA), pp. 431-436, 2006. [13]L. S. Martinez, La percepción del confort. Análisis de los parámetros de diseño y ambientales mediante Ingeniería Kansei: Aplicación a la biblioteca de Ingeniería del Diseño (UPV), Valencia: UPV, 2011. [14]P. Rodríguez de Andrés, Ingeniería Kansei y su aplicación en el diseño emocional de bibliotecas, Valencia: UPV - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 2013. [15]Fundación Prodintec, Diseño Afectivo e Ingeniería Kansei - Guía Metodológica, Gijón, Asturias, España: Centro Tecnológico para el Diseño y la Producción Industrial en Asturias Parque, 2011. [16]S. Schütte, Engineering Emotional Values in Product Design, Linköping, Sweden: Linköpings Universitet Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2005. [17]A. M. Lokman, «Design and Emotion: The Kansei Engineering,» Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia, vol. 1, nº 1, pp. 1-14, 2010. [18]S. Khalid , Biometrics and Kansei Engineering, New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2012. [19]L. D. Ferreira y D. C. Amaral, «A full example of technical procedure to application of the Kansei Engineering,» Product: Management & Development, vol. 13 , nº 2, pp. 103-118, 2015. [20]Y. Matsubara y M. Nagamachi, «An application og image procesing technology in Kansei Engineering,» Ergonomie et design, vol. 4, pp. 123-126, 1994. [21]J. E. Bauer, . G. L. Duffy y R. T. Westcott, The Quality Improvement Handbook, Milwaukee: ASQ - Quality Press, 2006. [22]M. Nagamachi, Kansei/Affective Engineering and History of Kansei/Affective Engineering in the World, Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, 2011. [23]E. Mooi, M. Sarstedt y I. Mooi-Reci, Springer Texts in Business and Economics Market Research The Process, Data, and Methods Using Stata, Singapore: Springer Nature, 2018. [24]S. T. W. Schütte, J. Eklund, J. R. Axelsson y M. Nagamachi, «Concepts, Methods and Tools in Kansei Engineering, » Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, nº 1, 2004. [25]G. Smith, Essential Statistics, Regression, and Econometrics., Elsevier Inc. All, 2015.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Хроматография активно развивается и используется для научных исследований уже более100 лет. Тема хроматографической лексики имеет важное значение для различных разделов химии(особенно для физической и аналитической химии). Хроматография применяется во всем мире в научных исследованиях, в различных отраслях промышленности, в медицине, в фармацевтике, в криминалистике, для контроля окружающей среды и т.д. Универсальным языком межкультурной коммуникации, языком мировых научных публикаций, языком научного мира (т.н. «лингва франка») является английский. С целью анализа хроматографической языковой картины мира в статье была изучена частота использования основных англоязычных хроматографических терминов и понятий, используемых в англоязычных статьях, по теме «хроматография». Метод статистической обработки основан на подсчете количества терминов, используемых в статьях. Была проведена обработка статистических данных, взятых из международной реферативной базы данных «Web of Science Core Collection». Было дано описание хроматографической терминосистемы и ядерных терминов. Терминологическая система – это упорядоченное множество терминов с отношениями внутри системы. Любая термино-система является основой для составления словарей или для работы переводчика. Была предложена научная картина мира, которая отражает ядро языкового сознания хроматографиста как ученого и исследователя. Смысл слова или термина создает семантическую сеть, которая является основой языкового сознания. Научная картина мира хроматографиста отражена в хроматографическом словаре. Другими словами, исследуемые термины и понятия позволяют виртуально «сконструировать» научную картину мира хроматографиста, которая отражает (ментальный) лексикон и языковое сознание хроматографиста. Ядерная (центральная) и периферическая лексика науки позволяет хроматографисту оперировать необходимыми терминами и понятиями. Описание лексики демонстрирует структуру науки хроматографии. Научная картина мира выглядит, как сложная многослойная модель. Ядро лингвистического сознания отражает объективный опыт хроматографистов, тогда как периферические термины касаются субъективного научного опыта. Термины общего языка – «mass», «analysis», «determination», например, отражают широкие философские аспекты научной деятельности хроматографиста. Нами был рассмотрен также такой аспект, как частота упоминания основных разделов хроматографии в статьях по ГХ, ЖХ, ТСХ. Данное исследование представляет интерес как для перевода, так и для чтения и анализа научной литературы в области хроматографии. ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Цвет М.С. Избранные труды / под. ред. Ю.А. Золотова. М. Наука. 2013. 679 с.2. Берёзкин В.Г. Введение в хроматографию. М. Научный Мир. 2016. 96 с.3. Хроматография: Основные понятия. Терминология. РАН. Ком. науч. терминологии в обл. фундам. наук, Науч. совет по хроматографии, Сборник науч.-норматив. терминологии; Вып. 114. М. 1977. страницы4. Берёзкин В.Г. // Журнал аналитической химии. 2001. Т. 56. № 8. С. 871.5. Берёзкин В.Г., Гавричев В.С., Коломиец Л.Н., Королев А.А. и др. Газовая хроматография в нефтехимии. М.: Наука, 1975. 271 с.6. PAC. (Nomenclature for chromatography (IUPAC Recommendations)). 1993. 65. рр. 819, 823.7. Web of Science Core Collection, Режим доступа: [https://apps.webofknowledge.com/WOS_GeneralSearch_input.do?product=WOS &search_mode=GeneralSearch&SID=F6Jeoan1DdgmtJlOcGE&preferencesSaved=] (дата обращения 20.12.19)8. Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь. Под ред. В.Н. Ярцева. М. Советскаяэнциклопедия. 1990. 685 с.9. Уфимцева Н.В. // Язык в пространстве речевых культур (К 80-летию Е.В. Гольдина). Москва-Саратов. Наука образования. 2015. С. 335-342.10.Залевская А.А. Введение в психолингвистику. М. Российский государственныйгуманитарный ун-т. 1999. 382 с.11.Уфимцева Н.В. // Язык и метод: Русский язык в лингвистических исследованияхXXI века, т.2: Лингвистический анализ на грани методологического срыва. 2015. C.249-256.12.Уфимцева Н.В., Балясникова О.В. // Вестник ВолГУ. Серия 2. Языкознание. 2019. Т. 18. № 1. C. 6-22.13.Кронгауз М.А. Семантика. М. Академия. 2005. 352 с.14.Васильев Л.М. // Вопросы языкознания. 1971. № 3. С. 105-113.15.Русский язык: энциклопедия / Под ред. Ю.Н. Караулов. М. Большая рос. энцикл. Дрофа. 1997. 704 с.16.Hornby P.A. et al. Bilingualism – Psychological, Social and Educational Implications.New York, San Francisco. London. Academic Press Inc. 1977. 167 p. (в лекциях Т.В. Черниговской в рамках онлайн-курса СПбГУ «Психолингвистика», онлайн платформа «Открытое образование». 2017. Режим доступа: [https://openedu.ru/course/spbu/ PSYLING/] (Дата обращения 23.12.19))17.Тер-Минасова С.Г. Язык и межкультурная коммуникация. М. Слово. 2000. 624 с. С.40.18.Hoffmann L. // Band 14.1, (Fachsprachen. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Fachsprachenforshungund Terminologiewissenschaft), 1, Berlin-New York. Walter de Gruyter. 1998. рр. 157-167.19.Марковина И.Ю. // Вопросы психолингвистики. 2011. Т. 2. № 14. С. 48.20.Ванюхина М.А. // Профессионально ориентированный перевод: реальность иперспективы: Сборник научных трудов по материалам 4-ой Международной научно-методической конференции, посвященной 50-летию РУДН. 20-21 мая. 2009 г. М. РУДН. С. 101-109.21.Середин А.И. // Молодёжь и наука: Сборник материалов VIII Всероссийской научно-технической конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых учёных, посвященной 155-летию со дня рождения К.Э. Циолков-ского 19-27 апреля 2012 г. Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации.Сибирский федеральный университет. Красноярск. 2012. С.50-53.22.Гак В.Г., Григорьев Б.Б. Теория и практика перевода. Французский язык. М. URSS.2019. С. 5-20.23.Степанов Ю.С. Французская стилистика. М. Высшая школа. 1965. 355 с.24.Марковина И.Ю., Сорокин Ю.А. Культура и текст. Введение в лакунологию. М.ГЭОТАР-Медиа. 2008, С.4-8.25.Бархударов Л.С. Язык и перевод. Вопросы общей и частной теории перевода. М.«Международные отношения». 1975. 240 с.26.Влахов С.И., Флорин С.П. Непереводимое в переводе. М. Р.Валент. 2012. 406 с.(перевод с болгар.).27. Дупленский Н.К. Письменный перевод. Рекомендации переводчику, заказчику и редактору. М. Р.Валент. 2013. 164 с.28. Климзо Б.Н. Ремесло технического переводчика. Об английском языке, переводе ипереводчиках научно-технической литературы. М. Р. Валент. 2011. 488 с.29. Corradini D. Handbook of HPLC. CRC Press. Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton-London-New York. 2011. 696 p.30.Hahn-Deinstrop E. Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography. Best Practice and Avoidanceof Mistakes. Weinheim. Wiley-VCH. 2007. Vol. 16. 314 p.31.Nyiredy Sz. (ed.) Planar Chromatography. A retrospective view for the third millennium.Budapest. Springer Sci. Publ. 2001. 614 p.32.Raymond P.W. Scott. Liquid chromatography. Column Theory. Chichester-New York-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore. John Wiley&Sons. 1991. 292 p.33.Berezkin V.G., Zeuuw J.de. Capillary adsorption gas chromatography. Heidelberg, Huethig,1996. 320 p.34. Гиошон Ж., Гийемен К. Количественная газовая хроматография для лабораторных анализов и промышленного контроля (в 2-х частях. ч. II) / под. ред. О.Г. Ларионова. М. Мир. 1991. 375 с.35.Ванюхина М.А., Берёзкин В.Г. Англо-русский и русско-английский словарь потонкослойной хроматографии (ТСХ) (с приложением русско-английского словаря общенаучных конструкций). М. Научный Мир. 2018. 214 с.36. Мисуно Е.А., Баценко И.В., Вдовичев А.В., Игнатова С.А. Письменный перевод специальных текстов. М. Флинта. Наука. 2013. 256 с.37.Ванюхина М.А. // X Международная научно-практическая конференция молодых ученых «Актуальные проблемы лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации». 12 мая 2010. Екатеринбург. УГТУ-УПИ. С. 262-266.38.Пумпянский А.Л. Введение в практику перевода. М. Наука. 1965. 304 с.39.Khrebtova S.S., Berezkin V.G. // Journal of Planar Chromatography. 2019. Vol. 32. pp.355-358. DOI 10.1556/1006.2019.32.5.1.40.Философия: Энциклопедический словарь / Под ред. А.А. Ивина. М. Гардарики. 2004. 1072 с.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Theoretical basis An instructor could link the case to lean production principles and Kurt Lewin’s change management model, key reading materials on these theories are, namely, Lewin, K (1947) Frontiers in group dynamics: concept, method and reality in social science; equilibrium and social change. Human Relations 1(1): 5–41 Stewart, J. (2012). The Toyota Kaizen continuum: a practical guide to implementing lean. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Wickramasinghe, V. and Wickramasinghe, G. L. D. (2020). Effects of human resource management practices, lean production practices and lean duration on performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(11), 1467–1512. Research methodology This case was developed from both primary and secondary sources. The primary source included three face to face meetings with Mr CK in University Putra Malaysia (two meetings) and WSAE factory (Rawang, Malaysia – one meeting), respectively. Interviewed three workers at Rawang factory. The secondary source was taken from the company website and company reports. Case overview/synopsis Dr Wan, the Chief Executive Officer of WSA Engineering Sdn Bhd (WSAE) accepted the invitation from Small Medium Industries Development Corporation to participate in a Malaysian-Japanese Industry Cooperation program that focused on Lean Production System (LPS). Dr Wan was worried about Malaysia’s culture incompatible with Japanese-originated LPS. The case shares how the organization and behavioral change took place, for LPS buy-in. Successes and challenges WSAE faced in the 10-year journey of implementing LPS were elaborated. Complexity academic level This case was written for use in an operations management course, on the topic of lean production. It can also be used as a training material targeting the operation managers of a manufacturing company aiming to implement lean production or any change management process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In forensic examination injury is a noun to refer to injury caused by external forces and reactions of the body. There are many causes of injury (self-generated accidents) such as traffic accidents, work accidents, domestic accidents, self-inflicted accidents…. The form of damage is heavy, light, shallow, and deep depending on the characteristics, weight, direction and force of the impacted object. In accidents, traumatic brain injury is a serious injury that has many consequences for the victim such as mental disorder, post-traumatic depression syndrome, post-traumatic brain disease, epilepsy, dementia… More severely, brain stamping can be fatal. The study was conducted from 01/01/2015 to 30/09/2019 We collected 98 cases of victims who died with brain damage. According to our research, brain stamping at the affected place accounted for the highest percentage (76.5%), followed by fracture of skull fracture (38.8%), opposing brain stamping on the opposite side (18.4 %), cerebral suppression due to hernia (10.2%), cerebral suppression due to sudden increase and decrease in speed (4.1%), intermediate cerebral suppression (3.1%). Combined intracranial lesions accounted for the majority (56.3%). Keywords Accident, Road trafic accident, head injurie, skull fracture, contre – coup fractures, forensic exam. References [1] Wikipedia Wikipedia The free encyclophedia. Cerebral contusion, accessed October 1, 2015, web https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_contusion[2] N.N. Chung, Brain stamping, hematoma in the brain, Graduation thesis of Doctor CKI, Hanoi Medical University, accessed 15/8/2014(in Vietnamese).[3] Hideo Itabashi, John Andrews, Uwamie Tomiyasu, Stephanie Erlich, Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran, Forensic Neuropathology, Contusional brain injury and intracerebral haemorrhage, 2005.[4] Di Maio V,J, Di Maio D, Trauma to the skull and brain: crainiocerebral injuries, Forensic Pathology, Boca Raton, 2001.[5] National Accidental Injury Survey, Ministry of Health, 2010.[6] C.W. Runyan, Introduction: Back to the future – Revisitin Haddon's conceptualization of injury epidemiology and prevention, Epidemiology and Prevention 25(1) (2003) 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxg005.[7] Decision on the issuance of guidelines for building safe communities, prevention of accidents and injuries, Ministry of Health, 2006.[8] T.X. Ha, Morphology study of brain crushing injury caused by road traffic accident through forensic examination, Science Journal, Hanoi National University 33 (1) (2017) (in Vietnamese).[9] N.C. Cuong, Research on traumatic brain injury due to road traffic accident through forensic examination, Master's thesis, Hanoi Medical University, 2014 (in Vietnamese).[10] L.S. Hung, Research morphological characteristics of skull fracture caused by road traffic accident through forensic examination at Viet Duc Hospital, Scientific Journal of Hanoi National University, 33(1) ( 2017) 1-5 (in Vietnamese).[11] N.H. Long, D.G. Duc, Research on blood lcohol concentration and injury characteristics of road traffic deaths, Journal of Medical Research 74(3) (2011) (in Vietnamese).[12] B.R Sharma, Patterns of Fatal Head Injury in Road Traffic Accidents, Bahrain Medical Bulletin 25(1) (2003).[13] American Medical Forensic Specialists Inc Epidural hematoma, accessed October 1 (2015) http://www.baileylaw.com/docts/epidurahematoma.htm

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This study provided an understanding of feeding habit and intensity of the mudskipper Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, which was a potential aquarium pet, by analyzing the relative gut length (RGL) andgastro-somatic (GaSI) indexes. Fish specimens were caught by fishing rods from the estuary in Soc Trang province to the upstream in An Giang province of Hau River during a period of one year from August 2017 to July 2018. Data analysis of a collection of 1,504 fishes showed that RGL did not change with fish size, resulting in the feeding habit of P. septemradiatus did not change with fish size. By contrast, the feeding habit of this mudskipper varied with place, month and season as the RGL significantly different between place, month and season, but both males and females fall into carnivorous fish as RGL was <1. Similarly, the feeding intensity of this specice did not change with fish size, as the GaSI was not significantly different among four fish size groups. Meanwhile, the mudskipper displayed spatial, temporal and seasonal variations in feeding intensity since GaSI significantly changed with place, month and season. The changes of feeding habit and intensity of P. Septemradiatus were not regulated by the interaction of fish size and place, fish size and season, and place and season. These results provided new knowledge on feeding habit and intensity of this fish specice, being used for the understanding of fish adaption and conservation in the study region. Keywords Gastro-somatic index, mudskipper, Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, relative gut length References [1] Murdy, E. O. & Jaafar, Z., Taxonomy and systematics review, In: Z. Jaafar, E. O. Murdy (eds) Fishes out of water: biology and ecology of mudskippers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 1-36, 2017 [2] Murdy, E. O., A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae, Oxudercinae), Australian Museum Journal, 11 (1989) 93.[3] Murdy, E., Systematics of Oxudercinae, In: R. A. Patzner, J. L. V. Tassell, M. Kovacic, B. G. Kapoor (eds) The biology of gobies, Science Publishers, New Hampshire, United States, pp. 99-106, 2011 [4] Bhatt, N. Y., Patel, S. J., Patel, D. A. & Patel, H. P., Burrowing activities of goby fish in the recent intertidal mud flats along the Navinal coast, Kachchh, Western India, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 74 (2009) 515-530.[5] Al-Hussaini, A. H., On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits: anatomy and histology, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 3 (1949) 109-139.[6] Desai, V. R., Studies on fishery and biology of Tor tor (Hamilton) from river Narmada. I. Food and feeding habits, Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India, 2 (1970) 101-112.[7] Le, T., Nguyen, M. T., Nguyen, V. P., Nguyen, D. C., Pham, X. H., Nguyen, T. S., Hoang, V. C., Hoang, P. L., Le, H. & Dao, N. C., Provinces and City in the Mekong Delta, Education Publishing House, Ha Noi, 2006.[8] Khaironizam, M. Z. & Norma-Rashid, Y., First record of the mudskipper, Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Hamilton) (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51 (2003) 97-100.[9] Wand, M. P., Data-based choice of histogram bin width, The American Statistician, 51 (1997) 59-64.[10] Vo, T. T. & Tran, D. D., Study on nutritional characteristics of Oxyeleotris urophthalmus fish distributed along the Hau River, Can Tho University Journal of Science, Fishery (2014) 192-197.[11] Dinh, Q. M., Nguyen, D. T. & Danh, S., Food and feeding habits of the broadheah sleeper Eleotris melanosoma from coastline in Soc Trang, Proceedings of the 7th National Scientific Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources, Publishing house for Science and Technology, 1873-1879, 2017.[12] Tran, D. D., Some aspects of biology and population dynamics of the goby Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816) in the Mekong Delta, PhD thesis, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2008.[13] Dinh, Q. M., Qin, J. G., Dittmann, S. & Tran, D. D., Seasonal variation of food and feeding in burrowing goby Parapocryptes serperaster (Gobiidae) at different body sizes, Ichthyological Research, 64 (2017) 179-189.[14] Dinh, Q. M. & Tran, M. T. D., Digestive tract morphology, food and feeding habits of the goby Stigmatogobius pleurostigma (Bleeker, 1849) from the Coastline in Soc Trang, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 34 (2018) 46-55.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract According to WHO, transgender people are more likely to suffer from a broad range of health Issues high HIV prevalence, low access to health, discrimination, violence, rejection, unemployement, poverty, housing insecurity, and marginalisation. Structural macho-sexism is one of the main causes not only of violence, but also of lack of protective legislation and policy to this population. Developing research regarding transgender people's life experience in the streets and their pathways to healthcare is of major importance to achieve a more equitable society and public health system. This qualitative research is a chapter of the book “Experiências do Cuidado na Rua” (”Living Care in the Streets”). From the experience of offering care in downtown Campinas to people living in the streets, 2 case reports were selected. The narratives were collected in a field journal. Both participants were female transgenders living in the context of Brazil's Universal Health System. National policy and legislation were confronted with narrative analysis of the participants, to show the barriers to receiving proper and humanistic care. Some narratives show the clear violence suffered from law enforcement personnel: “We used to be beaten by the Police because we were prostituting ourselves”. Others show a transphobic moralistic context: “Last week a transexual had her heart torn here in Campinas, and a Saint image was put in her chest! I'm afraid to walk alone in the streets at night. “Yet others show a clear transphobic and problematic position from the now president Bolsonaro which reflects in transphobic sympathizers in hate speeches: “Nowadays [after presidential election] we hear in the streets 'let's send them to Bolsonaro!'”, as sending someone to the guillotine. The narratives show a clear need of global and local actions towards a more accepting society, and actions must be taken in a broad range of fields, such as human rights legislation, policy and surveillance. Key messages This research show the neglect for the transgender population and the lack of protective measures, which reflects in access to the health care system and actual care. A growth of discrimination and hate speeches directly related to the election of an extremist-right national administration has been observed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

LINFANGIOMA DE LÍNGUA: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO Os linfangiomas são tumores harmartosos benignos dos vasos linfáticos. A primeira descrição exata foi feita por Virchow em 1854. Não é comprovada sua origem neoplásica, e o mais provável é que seja uma anomalia de desenvolvimento ou malformação congênita, onde o tecido linfático não se comunica normalmente com o restante do sistema linfático. Aparece usualmente nas duas primeiras décadas de vida, e ao contrário do que ocorre com os hemangiomas congênitos esta lesão não apresenta involução com o tempo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever sobre o caso clínico da paciente M.A.S.A, gênero feminino, 26 anos de idade, melanoderma, que compareceu a clinica odontológica da Universidade Estadual de Maringá e ao exame intra-oral apresentava várias lesões nodulares semelhantes a vesículas, de consistência resiliente, localizadas no dorso da língua, sésseis com formas irregulares e de coloração branco avermelhada, sem sintomatologia. O tratamento proposto consistiu na excisão cirúrgica, porém não foi possível à excisão total de todas as lesões devido sua grande abrangência. O material coletado através de biópsia incisional foi submetido a exame histopatológico e foi confirmado o diagnóstico de linfangioma. Microscopicamente observou-se uma superfície papilar com vasos linfáticos dilatados de trajeto tortuoso, revestimento endotelial fino contendo linfócitos.Palavras-chave: Harmartoma, Tumores dos vasos linfáticos, Linfangioma. Referências Bibliográficas: 1. WOOD, K. W.; GOAZ, P. W. Alterações intrabucais de coloração castanha, azulada ou negra. In: WOOD, K. W.; GOAZ, P. W. Diagnóstico diferencial das lesões bucais. Rio de Janeiro. Guanabara-Koogan, 1980. 2 ed. p: 172.2. ZEGARELLI, E. V.; KUTSCHER, A. H.; HYMAN, G. A. Diagnóstico das doenças da boca e dos maxilares. Rio de Janeiro. Guanabara-Koogan, 1978. 2 ed. p: 224.3. MEHER, R.; GARG, A.; RAJ, A.; SINGH, I. Lymphangioma of Tongue. The Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2005. Volume 3. Number 2. Disponível em: <http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijorl/front.xml.> Acesso em 26 set. 2007.4. RODRIGUES, F. B.; RODRIGUES, T. L. C.; BARBOSA, D. B. M.; et al. Linfangioma bucal del tipo capilar. Reporte de un caso en un paciente adulto. Rev Cubana Estomatol v.44 n.1 Ciudad de La Habana jan.-mar. 2007. Disponível em: <http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/est/vol44_1_07/est09107.html>. Acesso em 26 set. 2007.5. REGEZI, J. A.; SCIUBBA, J. J. Patologia bucal – correlações clinicopatológicas. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1991. v.1 p.144-145.6. NEVILLE, B. W.; DAMM, D. D.; ALLEN, C. M.; et al. Patologia Oral e Maxilofacial. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara-Koogan, 2004. v.2: p: 456-458.7. TOMMASI, A. F. Tumores benignos dos tecidos moles. In: TOMMASI, A. F. Diagnóstico em patologia bucal. São Paulo: Pancast, 1989. v 2: p:247-248.8. RATHAN, J. J.; VARDHAN, H. B. G.; MUTHU, M. S. et al. Oral Lymphangioma: A case report. Journal of Indian society of Pedodontics and preventive dentistry. 2005; 23: 185- 189. Disponivel em: <http://www.jisppd.com/text.asp?2005/23/4/185/19007>. Acesso em 26 set. 2007.9. VEIZAGA, A. I.; FLORES, L. F. V.; GARABITO, F. R. Linfangioma circunscrito de la lengua. Presentación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura. Revista boliviana de dermatologia. 2002; vol. 1, n.1, p. 39-41. Disponível em:<www.bago.com.bo/sbd/html/VOL1_1/39-41>. Acesso em 28 set. 2007.10. BANSAL, A.; SETHURAMAN, G. Lymphangioma circ*mscriptum of the tongue. Indian Pediatrics. 2006; 43: 650-651. Disponivel em: <http://www.indianpediatrics.net/july2006/july-650-651.htm>. Acesso em 28 set. 2007.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Gliosarcoma is a rare biphasic subtype of glioblastoma with the poor prognosis, principally affects adults; males are more frequently affected, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8/1. Gliosarcomas are usually located in the cerebral hemispheres, involving the temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes in decreasing order of frequency. Rarely, gliosarcomas occur in the posterior fossa, lateral ventricles, or spinal cord. A case study: A 32-year-old woman presented with persistent nausea and headache. The preoperative diagnosis was Ependymoma in the right lateral ventricle of the brain. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor followed by external radiotherapy, and chemotherapy treatment. Histologic description: The tumor was made up of spindle cells with hyperchromic large nuclei and pink cytoplasm intermingled with large cells with markedly pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm along with prominent mitotic activity. Tumour cells revealed positive staining for Ki67 (25%), Oligo2 (focal), GFAP (focal), SMA (focal); negative immunoreactivity for EMA, CD34, Bcl-2, TTF1. Pathological diagnosis: Gliosarcoma, grade IV. Conclusions: Gliosarcoma is an extremely rare neoplasm with an aggressive biological behavior. In terms of histopathology, gliosarcomas are characterized by a biphasic tissue pattern with alternating areas displaying glial and mesenchymal differentiation. Keywords Gliosarcoma, glioblastoma multiforme, brain neoplasm. References [1] World Healh Organization, WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France, 2016. [2] F. A. Hashmi, A. Salim, M. Shamim, M. Bari, Biological Characteristics and Outcomes of Gliosarcoma, The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, Vol. 68, No. 8, 2018, pp. 1273-1275. [3] P. Giglio, M. R. Gilbert, Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition), MA: Academic Press/Elsevier, Waltham, 2014. [4] R. K. Kevin, M. Anand, S. M. John, Adult Gliosarcoma: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Factors Associated with Outcome, Neuro Oncol, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2009, pp. 183-191, https://doi.org/10.1215/15228517-2008-076. [5] L. Han, X. Zhang, S. Qiu et al., Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Primary Cerebral Gliosarcoma: A Report of 15 Cases, Acta Radiologica, Vol. 49, No.9, 2008, pp. 1058-1067, doi:10.1080/02841850802314796. [6] D. N. Louis, H. Ohgaki, O. D. Wiestler et al., The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, Acta Neuropathologica, Vol. 114, No. 2, 2007, pp. 97-109, doi:10.1007/s00401-007-0278-6. [7] L. Seth, P. Arie, I. James et al., Greenfield’s Neuropathology (Ninth Edition), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2015. [8] L. Cervoni, P. Celli, Cerebral Gliosarcoma: Prognostic Factors, Neurosurgical Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, 1996, pp. 93-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00418077. [9] J. Pardo, M. Murcia, G. Felip et al., Gliosarcoma: A Rare Primary CNS Tumor. Presentation of Two Cases, Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2010, pp. 98-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2010.05.003. [10] J. Lutterbach, R. Guttenberger, A. Pagenstecher, Gliosarcoma: A Clinical Study, Radiotherapy andOncology, Vol. 61, No. 1, 2001, pp. 57-64,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(01)00415-7. [11] B. K. Kleinschmidt, T. Tihan, F. Rodriguez, Diagnostic Pathology: Neuropathology (Second Edition), Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2016. [12] H. F. Irwin, W. G. Sidney, Sarcoma Arising in Glioblastoma of the Brain, Am J Pathol, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1955, pp. 633-653. [13] A. S. Awadalla, A. M. A. Essa, H. H. A. Ahmadi et al., Gliosarcoma Case Report and Review of the Literature, The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol. 35, No. 26, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3109/02841869709001353.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This paper presents an analytical approach to postbuckling behaviors of functionally graded multilayer nanocomposite plates reinforced by a low content of graphene platelets (GPLs) using the first order shear deformation theory, stress function and von Karman-type nonlinear kinematics and include the effect of an initial geometric imperfection. The weight fraction of GPL nano fillers is assumed to be constant in each individual GPL-reinforced composite (GPLRC). The modified Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model that takes into account the GPL geometry effect is adopted to estimate the effective Young’s modulus of GPLRC layers. The plate is assumed to resting on Pasternak foundation model and subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. The results show the influences of the GPL distribution pattern, weight fraction, geometry, elastic foundations, mechanical and temperature loads on the postbuckling behaviors of FG multilayer GPLRC plates. Keywords: Postbuckling; Graphene nanocomposite plate; First order shear deformation plate theory. References [1] K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S.V. Dubonos, I.V. Grigorieva, A. Firsov, Electric filed effect in atomically thin carbon films, Science 306 (2004) 666–669. http://doi.org/ 10.1126/science.1102896.[2] K.S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, T.J. Booth, V.V. Khotkevich, S.V. Morozov, A.K. Geim, Two-dimensional atomic crystals, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (2005) 10451–10453. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502848102.[3] C.D. Reddy, S. Rajendran, K.M. Liew, Equilibrium configuration and continuum elastic properties of finite sized graphene, Nanotechnology 17 (2006) 864-870. https://doi. org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/3/042.[4] C. Lee, X.D. Wei, J.W. Kysar, J. Hone, Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene, Science 321 (2008) 385–388. http://doi.org/10.1126/ science.1157996.[5] F. Scarpa, S. Adhikari, A.S. Phani, Effective elastic mechanical properties of single layer graphene sheets, Nanotechnology 20 (2009) 065709. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/6/ 065709.[6] Y.X. Xu, W.J. Hong, H. Bai, C. Li, G.Q. Shi, Strong and ductile poly(vinylalcohol)/graphene oxide composite films with a layered structure, Carbon 47 (2009) 3538–3543. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.08.022.[7] J.R. Potts, D.R. Dreyer, C.W. Bielawski, R.S. Ruoff, Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites, Polymer 52 (2011) 5-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j .polymer.2010.11.042.[8] T.K. Das, S. Prusty, Graphene-based polymer composites and their applications, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 52 (2013) 319-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2012. 751410.[9] M. Song, J. Yang, S. Kitip*rnchai, W. Zhud, Buckling and postbuckling of biaxially compressed functionally graded multilayer graphene nanoplatelet-reinforced polymer composite plates, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 131–132 (2017) 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.07.017.[10] H.S. Shen, Y. Xiang, F. Lin, D. Hui, Buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite laminated plates in thermal environments, Composites Part B 119 (2017) 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017. 03.020.[11] H. Wu, S. Kitip*rnchai, J. Yang, Thermal buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded graphene nanocomposite plates, Materials and Design 132 (2017) 430–441. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.matdes.2017.07.025.[12] J. Yang, H. Wu, S. Kitip*rnchai, Buckling and postbuckling of functionally graded multilayer graphene platelet-reinforced composite beams, Composite Structures 161 (2017) 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.048.[13] H.S. Shen, Y. Xiang, Y. Fan, Postbuckling of functionally graded graphene-reinforced composite laminated cylindrical panels under axial compression in thermal environments, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 135 (2018) 398–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme csci.2017.11.031.[14] M.D. Rasool, B. Kamran, Stability analysis of multifunctional smart sandwich plates with graphene nanocomposite and porous layers, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 167 (2019) 105283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecs ci.2019.105283.[15] J.J. Mao, W. Zhang, Buckling and post-buckling analyses of functionally graded graphene reinforced piezoelectric plate subjected to electric potential and axial forces, Composite Structures 216 (2019) 392–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compstruct.2019.02.095.[16] P.H. Cong, N.D. Duc, New approach to investigate nonlinear dynamic response and vibration of functionally graded multilayer graphene nanocomposite plate on viscoelastic Pasternak medium in thermal environment, Acta Mechanica 229 (2018) 651-3670. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00707-018-2178-3.[17] N.D. Duc, N.D. Lam, T.Q. Quan, P.M. Quang, N.V. Quyen, Nonlinear post-buckling and vibration of 2D penta-graphene composite plates, Acta Mechanica (2019), https://doi.org/10. 1007/s00707-019-02546-0.[18] N.D. Duc, P.T. Lam, N.V. Quyen, V.D. Quang, Nonlinear Dynamic Response and Vibration of 2D Penta-graphene Composite Plates Resting on Elastic Foundation in Thermal Environments, VNU Journal of Science: Mathematics-Physics 35(3) (2019) 13-29. https:// doi.org/10.25073/2588-1124/vnumap. 4371.[19] J.N. Reddy, Mechanics of laminated composite plates and shells; theory and analysis, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2004.[20] H.S. Shen, A two-step perturbation method in nonlinear analysis of beams, plates and shells, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2013.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract: The study aims to assess the applying effectiveness of constructed wetland technology for polluted surface water treatment. The experimental models were operated with 2 hydraulic loadings of 500mL/min/m2 (T1) and 1500mL/min/m2 (T2). The reed grass (Phragmites australis) was selected for the studying process. The surface water resource was removed from the pollutant components (TSS, BOD5, COD) and harmful microorganisms (fecal coliform) which aim to protect the water quality and aquatic ecosystems. The results showed the treatment effectiveness of loading of 500mL/min/m2 is higher than the loading of 1500mL/min/m2, especially in the reed planting trial. In particular, the treatment efficiency of pollutants such as TSS, BOD5, COD reached a high rate of 85%, 90%, and 87%, respectively. In addition, ANOVA statistical analysis showed the effectiveness of water quality parameters belong to two loadings were statistically significant (P<0.05). Thus, the surface water pollutant removal by subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland technology could be contributed to promoting the sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: Constructed wetland, removal, surface water, Phragmites australis, pollution. References: [1] Z. ElZein, A. Abdou, I.A. ElGawad, Constructed Wetlands as a Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Method in Communities, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 34 (2016) 605-617. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.proenv.2016.04.053. [2] R.H. Kadlec, S.D. Wallace, Treatment Wetlands, CRC Press/Lewis Pucblishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2009.[3] J. Vymazal, Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment, Water, 2(3) (2010) 530-549. https://doi. org/10.3390/w2030530. [4] L. Volker, E. Elke, L.W. Martina, L. Andreas, M.G. Richard, Nutrient Removal Efficiency and Resource Economics of Vertical Flow and Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands, Ecological Engineering, 18(2) (2001) 157-171. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00075-1. [5] M. Ilda, F. Daniel, P. Enrico, F. Laura, M. Erika, Z. Gabriele, A cost-effectiveness analysis of seminatural wetlands and activated sludge wastewater-treatment systems, Environmental Management, 41(1) (2007) 118-129. https://doi.org /10.1007/s00267-007-9001-6. [6] J. Vymazal, The use of constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater, Ecological Engineering, 35 (2009) 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.08.016. [7] S. Katarzyna, H.G. Magdalena, The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial wastewater, Journal of Water and Land Development, 34 (2017) 233–240. https://doi.org /10.1515/jwld-2017-0058. [8] S. Dallas, B. Scheffe, G. Ho, Reedbeds for greywater treatment-case study in Santa Elena-Monteverde, Costa Rica, Central America. Ecol. Eng. 23 (2004) 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ecoleng.2004.07.002. [9] Tổng cục Thống kê, Niên giám thống kê Việt Nam, NXB Thống kê, Hà Nội, 2018.[10] Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường, Báo cáo hiện trạng môi trường quốc gia – Môi trường nước mặt, Hà Nội, 2012.[11] UBND tỉnh Bình Dương, Quyết định số 3613/QĐ-UBND về việc Quy hoạch tài nguyên nước tỉnh Bình Dương giai đoạn 2016 - 2025, tầm nhìn đến năm 2035, Bình Dương, 2016.[12] M. Mirco, T. Attilio, Evapotranspiration from pilot-scale constructed wetlands planted with Phragmites australis in a Mediterranean environment, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 48(5) (2013) 568-580. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10934529.2013.730457. [13] K.J. Havens, H. Berquist, W.I. Priest, Common reed grass, Phragmites australis, expansion into constructed wetlands: Are we mortgaging our wetland future? Estuaries, 26 (2003) 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02823718. [14] S. Aboubacar, R. Mohamed, A. Jamal, A. Omar, E. Samira, Exploitation of Phragmites australis (Reeds) in Filter Basins for the Treatment of Wastewater, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11 (2018) 56-67. https://doi.org/10. 3923/jest.2018.56.67. [15] S.I. Abou-Elela, M.S. Hellal, Municipal wastewater treatment using vertical flow constructed wetlands planted with Canna, Phragmites and Cyprus, Ecol. Eng. 47 (2012) 209-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoleng.2012.06.044.[16] H. Brix, A.C. Arias, The use of vertical flow constructed welands for on-site treatment of domestic wastewater: New Danish guidelines, Ecological Engineering, 25 (2005) 491-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.07.009. [17] J. Puigagut, J. Villasenor, J.J. Salas, E. Becares, J. Garcia, Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands in Spain for the sanitation of small communities: A comparison study, Ecological Engineering, 30 (2007) 312-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng. 2007.04.005. [18] R. Kadlec, R. Knight, Treatment Wetlands, CRC Press, 1996.[19] L. Yang, H.T. Chang, M.N.L. Huang, Nutrient removal in gravel-and soil-based wetlands microcosms with and without vegetation, Ecological Engineering, 18 (2001) 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00068-4. [20] D. Steer, L. Fraser, J. Boddy, B. Seibert, Efficiency of small constructed wetlands for subsurface treatment of single-family domestic effluent, Ecological Engineering, 18 (2002) 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00104-5. [21] J. Vymazal, The use of subsurface constructed wetlands for wastewater in Czech Republic: 10 years experience, Ecological Engineering, 18 (2002) 633-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00025-3. [22] C.S. Akratos, V.A. Tsihrintzis, Effect of temperature, HRT, vegetation and porous media on removal efficiency of pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering, 29 (2007) 173-191. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.06.013.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The loop is examined as a conceptual programming tool in the context of computer artwork and fractal curve generation. In particular, a simple geometric construction for the visualization of Alexander’s horned sphere as a self-similar fractal curve in the plane is presented, based on a recursive rep-2 rectangle progression to a specified depth. Parameterized curve generation and rendering details are briefly discussed. 1. Loops and Computers Loops form the fundamental core of almost all computer programs. The most common type is the iterative loop, typically signified by the keywords for, while, do, repeat etc, in which a given set of instructions is repeated a specified number of times. The recursive loop is a more powerful construct that performs a given set of instructions, typically including recursive calls with modified parameters back to the instruction set itself, until a terminating condition is met. Recursive algorithms solve problems by reducing them to smaller and smaller subproblems until a solution is found, reusing the same set of instructions as often as required. This elegant approach to problem solving satisfies the programmer’s endless desire for efficiency and simplicity in program design. Recursive loops can always be rewritten as iterative ones, but if an algorithm can be defined with a recursive approach it is generally best implemented as such. 2. Fractal Geometry Fractal geometry involves the description of mathematical objects that display self-similarity on all scales [6]. Recursion is a natural way to describe such objects programatically. For instance, the fractal curve shown in Fig. 1 can be somewhat confusing to the eye until the viewer realises that it’s composed of a common structure repeated at successively smaller scales. Fig 1. A set of woven horns. The woven horn is based on a famous mathematical construct called Alexander’s horned sphere, which is traditionally visualized as a recursive set of interlocking pairs of orthogonal rings of decreasing radius [1,5]. The horned sphere has been embedded in the plane by reducing the interlock angle between ring pairs from 90o to 0o, then an over-under weaving pattern has been defined to reestablish ring interlock without intersection to give the woven horn set. Fig. 1 was inspired by the etching Yggdrasil by Bill Meyers [4], probably the most famous realization of Alexander’s horned sphere in the plane. It should be noted that the woven horn construction is a self-similar fractal but not technically an area-filling curve, as any open subset of the plane will contain points that are a non-zero distance from the curve. 3. Rep-tiles Rep-tiles, polygons which can be divided into smaller copies of themselves, provide a method of tiling an area to a given depth of recursion [3,6]. The rep-2 rectangle with sides in the ratio 1:sqrt(2) is of particular interest. For instance, metric paper sizes A2, A3, A4 etc are rep-2 rectangles, making them convenient for stacking and printing purposes as each page can be folded in half to give two pages of the next smaller size [2]. Fig. 2 shows a rep-2 rectangle progression to three levels of subdivision. Note that the side length ratio 1:sqrt(2) is maintained for each generation. This fractal structure forms a rectangular lattice upon which the planar woven horn set can be generated. Fig 2. Rep-2 rectangle progression. So how far should we recurse, given that this process is potentially infinite? Fortunately the display or printing device used to visualise the object provides a convenient terminating condition: there is little point in recursing beyond the visible resolution of the device, typically one pixel or picture element. One advantage of fractally defined curves is that they can be examined in infinite detail. This can be done efficiently by zooming in on an area of interest and scaling up the coordinate system accordingly, and choosing upper and lower recursion limits such that parts of the curve that lie outside the display area or are too small to see are clipped, and only the visible subset drawn. 3. Curve geometry The construction of one generation of horn growth from a pair of left and right parent branches Pl and Pr is shown in Fig. 3. The generated curves are bounded by the rep-2 rectangle with width w and height h where: w = |Pl – Pr|, the gap distance between the terminal points of Pl and Pr h = w / ff2 Fig. 3. Geometric construction of horn branches. Spacing parameter s forms an internal margin that creates an interior rep-2 rectangle progression offset from the bounding rep-2 rectangle (s’ = ff2 s). Thus each generation attracts curves towards a central vanishing point, facilitating the woven horn design. Horn branches for each generation are described by two long curves Cl and Cl’ and two short curves Cs and Cs’. The actual geometry of these cubic spline curves is not important here; suffice it to say that they can be adjusted according to taste provided that the following constraints are met: lines CD and DE must be collinear to guarantee long curve continuity; the entrance angle a formed at point A must agree with the exit angles a at G and H, and hence agree with the entrance and exit angles of future generations. The following guidelines were found to produce good results but are not essential: point D should be coincident with the top left corner of the interior rectangle; curves should be bounded by the outer rep-2 rectangle; an entrance/exit angle of 45o is convenient and aesthetically pleasing. This process is repeated from the terminal points G and I for the next generation. Curves Cl and Cs then become parent generators Pl and Pr, and curves Cl’ and Cs’ become intersecting parent generators Pr’ and Pl’, with the gap width w reduced and the frame of reference rotated accordingly. Fig. 4 shows the process of recursive growth to depths of 1, 2, 3 and 9. Fig. 4. Increasing generation depth: (a) d = 1; (b) d = 2; (c) d = 3; (d) d = 9. 4. Results The gap width wd of the branching pair at any particular depth d can be calculated from the spacing parameter s and the total structure width W as follows: wd = wd-1 /ff2 - 2sd-1 (where w0 = W and sd is the actual spacing for iteration d) The structure’s appearance is now defined by just two variables: the inter-generational spacing value s and the depth of recursion d. The effect of varying control parameter d was shown in Fig. 4. The effect of varying the other control parameter s is shown below in Fig. 5. Fig. 5. Spacing as a percentage of width: (a) s = 10%; (b) s = 20%; (c) s = 30%. Smaller spacing values yield boxier shapes with denser weave around the perimeter of each rep-tile, as seen in Fig. 5a. The shape converges to a single underlying rep-2 lattice as s approaches 0. Larger spacing values, such as those in Figs. 5b and 5c, provide rounder, looser weaves with tighter clusters in the center. The optimal spacing for aesthetic purposes was found to be around s = 13%. The program developed for this paper exports woven horn designs as a series of generational branch growths in the following formats: PostScript file of offset curves of decreasing thickness; VRML file of polylines or extrusions of decreasing radius. Fig. 1 shows a depth 10 structure stored in PostScript format and rendered in PhotoShop with glass and noise filters applied. Conclusion Fractal geometry highlights the power, beauty and elegance of the recursive loop: simple instructions are used to visualize complex shapes that vanish inwards with infinite clarity. Acknowledgments Thanks to Alan Tonisson for providing useful comments. References Albers, Donald J. "The Game of ‘Life’." Math Horizons 1 (1994): 9. Gardner, Martin. The Unexpected Hanging and other Mathematical Diversions. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1969. Golomb, Solomon W. "Replicating Figures in the Plane." Mathematical Gazette 48 (1964): 336;403-12. Rolfsen Dale. Knots and Links. Wilmington: Publish or Perish, 1976. Weisstein, Eric W. "Alexander’s Horned Sphere." Online. Internet. 1999. Available: <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlexandersHornedSphere.php>. Weisstein, Eric W. Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics. Boca Raton: CRC, 1999. Links http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlexandersHornedSphere.html Citation reference for this article MLA Style Browne, Cameron. "Rep-tiles with Woven Horns" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5.4 (2002). [your date of access] < http://www.media-culture.org.au/mc/0208/reptiles.php>. Chicago Style Browne, Cameron, "Rep-tiles with Woven Horns" M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5, no. 4 (2002), < http://www.media-culture.org.au/mc/0208/reptiles.php> ([your date of access]). APA Style Browne, Cameron. (2002) Rep-tiles with Woven Horns. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 5(4). < http://www.media-culture.org.au/mc/0208/reptiles.php> ([your date of access]).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

O presente artigo discute textos que retratam a mulher dentro dos valores do mundo patriarcal brasileiro, juntamente, com textos em que as personagens ousam arrostar esse mesmo ideário. Em dois retratos feitos em forma de canções, as duas mulheres apresentadas não têm sequer nomes próprios e suas vidas existem em função do homem. Em outros dois, o conto A fuga, de Clarice Lispector, escrito em 1940 e publicado em 1979 e o cordel A mulher que vendeu o marido por 1,99, de Janduhi Dantas, duas mulheres protagonistas demandam em busca de autodeterminação. Ambas as personagens são casadas e são infelizes no casamento; ambas suportam condições adversas que as inquietam e oprimem e das quais desejam sair. Será utilizado o conceito do dominante de (JAKOBSON, 1983), como ferramenta teórica, assim como ferramentas dos estudos de gêneros (BUTLER, 2003; LOURO, 1997) e da literatura comparada (CARVALHAL, 1986).REFERÊNCIAS:ASSIS, Machado. Dom Casmurro. São Paulo: Editora Ática, 1996 [1899].BADINTER, Elisabeth. Um Amor conquistado: o mito do amor materno. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1985.BARTHES, Roland. Mitologias. 9. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 1993.BUTLER, Judith P. Problemas de gênero: feminismo e subversão da identidade. Tradução de Renato Aguiar. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Civilização Brasileira, 2003.CALDEIRA, Teresa Pires do Rio. Cidade de Muros: crime, segregação e cidadania em São Paulo. São Paulo: Edusp/Ed. 34, 2000.CANEVACCI, M. Introdução. In: Dialética da Família: gênese, estrutura e dinâmica de uma instituição repressiva. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1981.CARNEIRO, Sueli. Racismo, sexismo e desigualdade no Brasil. São Paulo: Selo Negro, 2008.CARVALHAL, Tânia Franco. Literatura comparada. São Paulo: Ática, 1986.COLASSANTI, Marina. Mulher daqui pra a frente. Rio de Janeiro: Nórdica, 1981.DANTAS, Janduhi. A mulher que vendeu o marido por 1,99. Patos: Editora Patos, 2009.DEL PRIORI, Mary (Org.). História das mulheres no Brasil. São Paulo: Contexto, 2000.DELUMEAU, Jean. História do medo no Ocidente: 1300-1800 - uma cidade sitiada. Tradução de Maria Lucia Machado, tradução das notas de Heloisa Jahn. São Paulo: Cia das letras, 1989. FLAUBERT, G. Madame Bovary. Paris: Gallimard, Pléiade, 1951 [1857].FREUD, Sigmund. Obras Completas. São Paulo: Imago, 1974.FRIEDAN, Betty. A Mística Feminina. Petrópolis:Vozes, 1971.FRYE, Northrop. Anatomia da Crítica. Tradução de Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos. São Paulo: Cultrix, 1973.GOTLIB, Nádia Batella. Clarice uma vida que se conta. São Paulo: Ática, 1995.GUEDES, O.; DAROS, A. O cuidado como atribuição feminina: contribuições para um debate ético. Serv. Soc. Rev., Londrina, v. 12, n. 1, p. 122-134, jul./dez. 2009.HAHNER, J. E. Emancipating the female sex: The struggle for women’s rights in Brazil, 1850-1940. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990. HIRATA, H. Guimarães (Org.). Cuidado e cuidadoras: as várias facetas do trabalho do care. São Paulo: Atlas; 2012.JAKOBSON, Roman. O dominante. In: LIMA, Luiz Costa (Org.). Teoria da literatura em suas fontes. vol. 1; 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro: Francisco Alves, 1983.KAUFMANN, Jean-Claude. L’Entretien Compréhensif. Paris : Éditions Nathan, 1996.LABOV, Williams. Alguns passos iniciais na análise da narrativa. Trad. Waldemar Ferreira Neto. The Journal of Narrative and Life History, v. 7, p. 1-18, 1997. Disponível em: https://www.academia.edu/4598767/LABOV_William._Alguns_passos_iniciais_na_an%C3%A1lise_da_narrativa . Acesso em: 05 nov. 2018.LISPECTOR, Clarice. A Bela e Fera. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1992.LISPECTOR, Clarice. A fuga. In: LISPECTOR, Clarice. A bela e a fera. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 1999.LISPECTOR, Clarice. Água Viva. Edição bilíngue. Paris: des femmes, 1973.LOURO, Guacira. Gênero, sexualidade e educação: uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1997.MAINGUENEAU, Dominique. Análise de Textos da Comunicação. Tradução de Cecília P. de Souza-e-Silva e Décio Rocha. 6. ed. São Paulo: Cortez, 2011.MEJIA, Blanca Flor Demenjour Munoz; CONCEIÇÃO, Rute Izabel Simões. Qualidade discursiva concretude e projeções metonímicas: um estudo comparativo em narrativas. Revista Arredia, Dourados, Editora UFGD, v. 3, n. 4, p. 82-99, jan./jul. 2014.MOISÉS, Massaud. A Criação Literária. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1974.MONEGAL, Emir Rodríguez. Sexo y poesía en el Novecientos. Montevidéu: Alfa, 1969.NASCIMENTO, Evando. Clarice Lispector: uma literatura pensante. Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira, 2012.NASIO, J. D. A histeria: teoria e clínica psicanalítica. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1991NUNES, A. B. Jr. Êxtase e clausura: sujeito místico, Psicanálise e estética. São Paulo: Annablume, 2005.OLIVEIRA, Valdeci Batista de Melo. Figurações da donzela-guerreira: Luzia-Homem e Dona Guidinha do Poço. São Paulo: Annablume, 2005.PAIVA, Oliveira. Dona Guidinha do Poço. São Paulo: Editora Ática, 2004 [1891].PÊCHEUX, Michel. Análise automática do discurso. Trad. Eni P.Orlandi. In: GADET, Françoise; HAK, Tony (Orgs.) Por uma análise automática do discurso: uma introdução à obra de Michel Pêcheux. Campinas: Unicamp, 1993.PÊCHEUX, Michel. Semântica e discurso: uma crítica à afirmação do óbvio. São Paulo: Unicamp, 1997.PÊCHEUX, Michel. Sob o pseudônimo de Thomas Herbert. Observações para uma teoria geral das ideologias. Trad. Carolina M. R. Zuccolillo; Eni P. Orlandi; José H. Nunes. RUA, nº 1, Campinas, 1995.QUEIRÓS, Eça de. O Primo Basílio. São Paulo: Ática, 1979 [1878].REIS, Carlos; LOPES, Ana Cristina M. Dicionário de narratologia. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007.SANT´ANNA, A. R. de. Paródia, paráfrase cia. 4a ed. Ática: São Paulo, 1991.SANTAELLA, L. Matrizes da linguagem e pensamento: sonora, visual, verbal: aplicações na hipermídia. São Paulo: Iluminuras e FAPESP, 2005.SCOTT, J. (1995). Gênero: uma categoria útil de análise histórica. Educação Realidade, 20, 71-99.TAVARES, Hênio. Teoria literária. 6. ed. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1978.TRILLAT, E. História da histeria. São Paulo: Escuta, 1991.VIANNA, Cynthia Semíramis Machado. A reforma sufragista: marco inicial da igualdade de direitos entre mulheres e homens no Brasil. Tese de doutorado. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, 2017.VIDINHA de balada. Intérpretes: Henrique e Juliano. [S.l.]: Independente, 2017. (3 min.).ZOLIN, Lúcia Osana. Literatura de Autoria Feminina. In: ZOLIN, L. O.; BONNICI, T. (Orgs). Teoria Literária: abordagens históricas e tendências contemporâneas. 2a ed. rev. e amp. Maringá: Eduem, 2005.ENVIADO EM 24-04-19 | ACEITO EM 04-07-19

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A same-but-different dichotomy has recently been encapsulated within the US Food and Drug Administration’s ill-defined concept of “substantial equivalence” (USFDA, FDA). By invoking this concept the genetically modified organism (GMO) industry has escaped the rigors of safety testing that might otherwise apply. The curious concept of “substantial equivalence” grants a presumption of safety to GMO food. This presumption has yet to be earned, and has been used to constrain labelling of both GMO and non-GMO food. It is an idea that well serves corporatism. It enables the claim of difference to secure patent protection, while upholding the contrary claim of sameness to avoid labelling and safety scrutiny. It offers the best of both worlds for corporate food entrepreneurs, and delivers the worst of both worlds to consumers. The term “substantial equivalence” has established its currency within the GMO discourse. As the opportunities for patenting food technologies expand, the GMO recruitment of this concept will likely be a dress rehearsal for the developing debates on the labelling and testing of other techno-foods – including nano-foods and clone-foods. “Substantial Equivalence” “Are the Seven Commandments the same as they used to be, Benjamin?” asks Clover in George Orwell’s “Animal Farm”. By way of response, Benjamin “read out to her what was written on the wall. There was nothing there now except a single Commandment. It ran: ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS”. After this reductionist revelation, further novel and curious events at Manor Farm, “did not seem strange” (Orwell, ch. X). Equality is a concept at the very core of mathematics, but beyond the domain of logic, equality becomes a hotly contested notion – and the domain of food is no exception. A novel food has a regulatory advantage if it can claim to be the same as an established food – a food that has proven its worth over centuries, perhaps even millennia – and thus does not trigger new, perhaps costly and onerous, testing, compliance, and even new and burdensome regulations. On the other hand, such a novel food has an intellectual property (IP) advantage only in terms of its difference. And thus there is an entrenched dissonance for newly technologised foods, between claiming sameness, and claiming difference. The same/different dilemma is erased, so some would have it, by appeal to the curious new dualist doctrine of “substantial equivalence” whereby sameness and difference are claimed simultaneously, thereby creating a win/win for corporatism, and a loss/loss for consumerism. This ground has been pioneered, and to some extent conquered, by the GMO industry. The conquest has ramifications for other cryptic food technologies, that is technologies that are invisible to the consumer and that are not evident to the consumer other than via labelling. Cryptic technologies pertaining to food include GMOs, pesticides, hormone treatments, irradiation and, most recently, manufactured nano-particles introduced into the food production and delivery stream. Genetic modification of plants was reported as early as 1984 by Horsch et al. The case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty resulted in a US Supreme Court decision that upheld the prior decision of the US Court of Customs and Patent Appeal that “the fact that micro-organisms are alive is without legal significance for purposes of the patent law”, and ruled that the “respondent’s micro-organism plainly qualifies as patentable subject matter”. This was a majority decision of nine judges, with four judges dissenting (Burger). It was this Chakrabarty judgement that has seriously opened the Pandora’s box of GMOs because patenting rights makes GMOs an attractive corporate proposition by offering potentially unique monopoly rights over food. The rear guard action against GMOs has most often focussed on health repercussions (Smith, Genetic), food security issues, and also the potential for corporate malfeasance to hide behind a cloak of secrecy citing commercial confidentiality (Smith, Seeds). Others have tilted at the foundational plank on which the economics of the GMO industry sits: “I suggest that the main concern is that we do not want a single molecule of anything we eat to contribute to, or be patented and owned by, a reckless, ruthless chemical organisation” (Grist 22). The GMO industry exhibits bipolar behaviour, invoking the concept of “substantial difference” to claim patent rights by way of “novelty”, and then claiming “substantial equivalence” when dealing with other regulatory authorities including food, drug and pesticide agencies; a case of “having their cake and eating it too” (Engdahl 8). This is a clever slight-of-rhetoric, laying claim to the best of both worlds for corporations, and the worst of both worlds for consumers. Corporations achieve patent protection and no concomitant specific regulatory oversight; while consumers pay the cost of patent monopolization, and are not necessarily apprised, by way of labelling or otherwise, that they are purchasing and eating GMOs, and thereby financing the GMO industry. The lemma of “substantial equivalence” does not bear close scrutiny. It is a fuzzy concept that lacks a tight testable definition. It is exactly this fuzziness that allows lots of wriggle room to keep GMOs out of rigorous testing regimes. Millstone et al. argue that “substantial equivalence is a pseudo-scientific concept because it is a commercial and political judgement masquerading as if it is scientific. It is moreover, inherently anti-scientific because it was created primarily to provide an excuse for not requiring biochemical or toxicological tests. It therefore serves to discourage and inhibit informative scientific research” (526). “Substantial equivalence” grants GMOs the benefit of the doubt regarding safety, and thereby leaves unexamined the ramifications for human consumer health, for farm labourer and food-processor health, for the welfare of farm animals fed a diet of GMO grain, and for the well-being of the ecosystem, both in general and in its particularities. “Substantial equivalence” was introduced into the food discourse by an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report: “safety evaluation of foods derived by modern biotechnology: concepts and principles”. It is from this document that the ongoing mantra of assumed safety of GMOs derives: “modern biotechnology … does not inherently lead to foods that are less safe … . Therefore evaluation of foods and food components obtained from organisms developed by the application of the newer techniques does not necessitate a fundamental change in established principles, nor does it require a different standard of safety” (OECD, “Safety” 10). This was at the time, and remains, an act of faith, a pro-corporatist and a post-cautionary approach. The OECD motto reveals where their priorities lean: “for a better world economy” (OECD, “Better”). The term “substantial equivalence” was preceded by the 1992 USFDA concept of “substantial similarity” (Levidow, Murphy and Carr) and was adopted from a prior usage by the US Food and Drug Agency (USFDA) where it was used pertaining to medical devices (Miller). Even GMO proponents accept that “Substantial equivalence is not intended to be a scientific formulation; it is a conceptual tool for food producers and government regulators” (Miller 1043). And there’s the rub – there is no scientific definition of “substantial equivalence”, no scientific test of proof of concept, and nor is there likely to be, since this is a ‘spinmeister’ term. And yet this is the cornerstone on which rests the presumption of safety of GMOs. Absence of evidence is taken to be evidence of absence. History suggests that this is a fraught presumption. By way of contrast, the patenting of GMOs depends on the antithesis of assumed ‘sameness’. Patenting rests on proven, scrutinised, challengeable and robust tests of difference and novelty. Lightfoot et al. report that transgenic plants exhibit “unexpected changes [that] challenge the usual assumptions of GMO equivalence and suggest genomic, proteomic and metanomic characterization of transgenics is advisable” (1). GMO Milk and Contested Labelling Pesticide company Monsanto markets the genetically engineered hormone rBST (recombinant Bovine Somatotropin; also known as: rbST; rBGH, recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone; and the brand name Prosilac) to dairy farmers who inject it into their cows to increase milk production. This product is not approved for use in many jurisdictions, including Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Japan. Even Monsanto accepts that rBST leads to mastitis (inflammation and pus in the udder) and other “cow health problems”, however, it maintains that “these problems did not occur at rates that would prohibit the use of Prosilac” (Monsanto). A European Union study identified an extensive list of health concerns of rBST use (European Commission). The US Dairy Export Council however entertain no doubt. In their background document they ask “is milk from cows treated with rBST safe?” and answer “Absolutely” (USDEC). Meanwhile, Monsanto’s website raises and answers the question: “Is the milk from cows treated with rbST any different from milk from untreated cows? No” (Monsanto). Injecting cows with genetically modified hormones to boost their milk production remains a contested practice, banned in many countries. It is the claimed equivalence that has kept consumers of US dairy products in the dark, shielded rBST dairy farmers from having to declare that their milk production is GMO-enhanced, and has inhibited non-GMO producers from declaring their milk as non-GMO, non rBST, or not hormone enhanced. This is a battle that has simmered, and sometimes raged, for a decade in the US. Finally there is a modest victory for consumers: the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA) requires all labels used on milk products to be approved in advance by the department. The standard issued in October 2007 (PDA, “Standards”) signalled to producers that any milk labels claiming rBST-free status would be rejected. This advice was rescinded in January 2008 with new, specific, department-approved textual constructions allowed, and ensuring that any “no rBST” style claim was paired with a PDA-prescribed disclaimer (PDA, “Revised Standards”). However, parsimonious labelling is prohibited: No labeling may contain references such as ‘No Hormones’, ‘Hormone Free’, ‘Free of Hormones’, ‘No BST’, ‘Free of BST’, ‘BST Free’,’No added BST’, or any statement which indicates, implies or could be construed to mean that no natural bovine somatotropin (BST) or synthetic bovine somatotropin (rBST) are contained in or added to the product. (PDA, “Revised Standards” 3) Difference claims are prohibited: In no instance shall any label state or imply that milk from cows not treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST, rbST, RBST or rbst) differs in composition from milk or products made with milk from treated cows, or that rBST is not contained in or added to the product. If a product is represented as, or intended to be represented to consumers as, containing or produced from milk from cows not treated with rBST any labeling information must convey only a difference in farming practices or dairy herd management methods. (PDA, “Revised Standards” 3) The PDA-approved labelling text for non-GMO dairy farmers is specified as follows: ‘From cows not treated with rBST. No significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rBST-treated and non-rBST-treated cows’ or a substantial equivalent. Hereinafter, the first sentence shall be referred to as the ‘Claim’, and the second sentence shall be referred to as the ‘Disclaimer’. (PDA, “Revised Standards” 4) It is onto the non-GMO dairy farmer alone, that the costs of compliance fall. These costs include label preparation and approval, proving non-usage of GMOs, and of creating and maintaining an audit trail. In nearby Ohio a similar consumer versus corporatist pantomime is playing out. This time with the Ohio Department of Agriculture (ODA) calling the shots, and again serving the GMO industry. The ODA prescribed text allowed to non-GMO dairy farmers is “from cows not supplemented with rbST” and this is to be conjoined with the mandatory disclaimer “no significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rbST-supplemented and non-rbST supplemented cows” (Curet). These are “emergency rules”: they apply for 90 days, and are proposed as permanent. Once again, the onus is on the non-GMO dairy farmers to document and prove their claims. GMO dairy farmers face no such governmental requirements, including no disclosure requirement, and thus an asymmetric regulatory impost is placed on the non-GMO farmer which opens up new opportunities for administrative demands and technocratic harassment. Levidow et al. argue, somewhat Eurocentrically, that from its 1990s adoption “as the basis for a harmonized science-based approach to risk assessment” (26) the concept of “substantial equivalence” has “been recast in at least three ways” (58). It is true that the GMO debate has evolved differently in the US and Europe, and with other jurisdictions usually adopting intermediate positions, yet the concept persists. Levidow et al. nominate their three recastings as: firstly an “implicit redefinition” by the appending of “extra phrases in official documents”; secondly, “it has been reinterpreted, as risk assessment processes have … required more evidence of safety than before, especially in Europe”; and thirdly, “it has been demoted in the European Union regulatory procedures so that it can no longer be used to justify the claim that a risk assessment is unnecessary” (58). Romeis et al. have proposed a decision tree approach to GMO risks based on cascading tiers of risk assessment. However what remains is that the defects of the concept of “substantial equivalence” persist. Schauzu identified that: such decisions are a matter of “opinion”; that there is “no clear definition of the term ‘substantial’”; that because genetic modification “is aimed at introducing new traits into organisms, the result will always be a different combination of genes and proteins”; and that “there is no general checklist that could be followed by those who are responsible for allowing a product to be placed on the market” (2). Benchmark for Further Food Novelties? The discourse, contestation, and debate about “substantial equivalence” have largely focussed on the introduction of GMOs into food production processes. GM can best be regarded as the test case, and proof of concept, for establishing “substantial equivalence” as a benchmark for evaluating new and forthcoming food technologies. This is of concern, because the concept of “substantial equivalence” is scientific hokum, and yet its persistence, even entrenchment, within regulatory agencies may be a harbinger of forthcoming same-but-different debates for nanotechnology and other future bioengineering. The appeal of “substantial equivalence” has been a brake on the creation of GMO-specific regulations and on rigorous GMO testing. The food nanotechnology industry can be expected to look to the precedent of the GMO debate to head off specific nano-regulations and nano-testing. As cloning becomes economically viable, then this may be another wave of food innovation that muddies the regulatory waters with the confused – and ultimately self-contradictory – concept of “substantial equivalence”. Nanotechnology engineers particles in the size range 1 to 100 nanometres – a nanometre is one billionth of a metre. This is interesting for manufacturers because at this size chemicals behave differently, or as the Australian Office of Nanotechnology expresses it, “new functionalities are obtained” (AON). Globally, government expenditure on nanotechnology research reached US$4.6 billion in 2006 (Roco 3.12). While there are now many patents (ETC Group; Roco), regulation specific to nanoparticles is lacking (Bowman and Hodge; Miller and Senjen). The USFDA advises that nano-manufacturers “must show a reasonable assurance of safety … or substantial equivalence” (FDA). A recent inventory of nano-products already on the market identified 580 products. Of these 11.4% were categorised as “Food and Beverage” (WWICS). This is at a time when public confidence in regulatory bodies is declining (HRA). In an Australian consumer survey on nanotechnology, 65% of respondents indicated they were concerned about “unknown and long term side effects”, and 71% agreed that it is important “to know if products are made with nanotechnology” (MARS 22). Cloned animals are currently more expensive to produce than traditional animal progeny. In the course of 678 pages, the USFDA Animal Cloning: A Draft Risk Assessment has not a single mention of “substantial equivalence”. However the Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS) in its single page “Statement in Support of USFDA’s Risk Assessment Conclusion That Food from Cloned Animals Is Safe for Human Consumption” states that “FASS endorses the use of this comparative evaluation process as the foundation of establishing substantial equivalence of any food being evaluated. It must be emphasized that it is the food product itself that should be the focus of the evaluation rather than the technology used to generate cloned animals” (FASS 1). Contrary to the FASS derogation of the importance of process in food production, for consumers both the process and provenance of production is an important and integral aspect of a food product’s value and identity. Some consumers will legitimately insist that their Kalamata olives are from Greece, or their balsamic vinegar is from Modena. It was the British public’s growing awareness that their sugar was being produced by slave labour that enabled the boycotting of the product, and ultimately the outlawing of slavery (Hochschild). When consumers boycott Nestle, because of past or present marketing practices, or boycott produce of USA because of, for example, US foreign policy or animal welfare concerns, they are distinguishing the food based on the narrative of the food, the production process and/or production context which are a part of the identity of the food. Consumers attribute value to food based on production process and provenance information (Paull). Products produced by slave labour, by child labour, by political prisoners, by means of torture, theft, immoral, unethical or unsustainable practices are different from their alternatives. The process of production is a part of the identity of a product and consumers are increasingly interested in food narrative. It requires vigilance to ensure that these narratives are delivered with the product to the consumer, and are neither lost nor suppressed. Throughout the GM debate, the organic sector has successfully skirted the “substantial equivalence” debate by excluding GMOs from the certified organic food production process. This GMO-exclusion from the organic food stream is the one reprieve available to consumers worldwide who are keen to avoid GMOs in their diet. The organic industry carries the expectation of providing food produced without artificial pesticides and fertilizers, and by extension, without GMOs. Most recently, the Soil Association, the leading organic certifier in the UK, claims to be the first organisation in the world to exclude manufactured nonoparticles from their products (Soil Association). There has been the call that engineered nanoparticles be excluded from organic standards worldwide, given that there is no mandatory safety testing and no compulsory labelling in place (Paull and Lyons). The twisted rhetoric of oxymorons does not make the ideal foundation for policy. Setting food policy on the shifting sands of “substantial equivalence” seems foolhardy when we consider the potentially profound ramifications of globally mass marketing a dysfunctional food. If there is a 2×2 matrix of terms – “substantial equivalence”, substantial difference, insubstantial equivalence, insubstantial difference – while only one corner of this matrix is engaged for food policy, and while the elements remain matters of opinion rather than being testable by science, or by some other regime, then the public is the dupe, and potentially the victim. “Substantial equivalence” has served the GMO corporates well and the public poorly, and this asymmetry is slated to escalate if nano-food and clone-food are also folded into the “substantial equivalence” paradigm. Only in Orwellian Newspeak is war peace, or is same different. It is time to jettison the pseudo-scientific doctrine of “substantial equivalence”, as a convenient oxymoron, and embrace full disclosure of provenance, process and difference, so that consumers are not collateral in a continuing asymmetric knowledge war. References Australian Office of Nanotechnology (AON). Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources (DITR) 6 Aug. 2007. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.innovation.gov.au/Section/Innovation/Pages/ AustralianOfficeofNanotechnology.aspx >.Bowman, Diana, and Graeme Hodge. “A Small Matter of Regulation: An International Review of Nanotechnology Regulation.” Columbia Science and Technology Law Review 8 (2007): 1-32.Burger, Warren. “Sidney A. Diamond, Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks v. Ananda M. Chakrabarty, et al.” Supreme Court of the United States, decided 16 June 1980. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=447&invol=303 >.Curet, Monique. “New Rules Allow Dairy-Product Labels to Include Hormone Info.” The Columbus Dispatch 7 Feb. 2008. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/business/stories/2008/02/07/dairy.html >.Engdahl, F. William. Seeds of Destruction. Montréal: Global Research, 2007.ETC Group. Down on the Farm: The Impact of Nano-Scale Technologies on Food and Agriculture. Ottawa: Action Group on Erosion, Technology and Conservation, November, 2004. European Commission. Report on Public Health Aspects of the Use of Bovine Somatotropin. Brussels: European Commission, 15-16 March 1999.Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS). Statement in Support of FDA’s Risk Assessment Conclusion That Cloned Animals Are Safe for Human Consumption. 2007. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.fass.org/page.asp?pageID=191 >.Grist, Stuart. “True Threats to Reason.” New Scientist 197.2643 (16 Feb. 2008): 22-23.Hochschild, Adam. Bury the Chains: The British Struggle to Abolish Slavery. London: Pan Books, 2006.Horsch, Robert, Robert Fraley, Stephen Rogers, Patricia Sanders, Alan Lloyd, and Nancy Hoffman. “Inheritance of Functional Foreign Genes in Plants.” Science 223 (1984): 496-498.HRA. Awareness of and Attitudes toward Nanotechnology and Federal Regulatory Agencies: A Report of Findings. Washington: Peter D. Hart Research Associates, 25 Sep. 2007.Levidow, Les, Joseph Murphy, and Susan Carr. “Recasting ‘Substantial Equivalence’: Transatlantic Governance of GM Food.” Science, Technology, and Human Values 32.1 (Jan. 2007): 26-64.Lightfoot, David, Rajsree Mungur, Rafiqa Ameziane, Anthony Glass, and Karen Berhard. “Transgenic Manipulation of C and N Metabolism: Stretching the GMO Equivalence.” American Society of Plant Biologists Conference: Plant Biology, 2000.MARS. “Final Report: Australian Community Attitudes Held about Nanotechnology – Trends 2005-2007.” Report prepared for Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources (DITR). Miranda, NSW: Market Attitude Research Services, 12 June 2007.Miller, Georgia, and Rye Senjen. “Out of the Laboratory and on to Our Plates: Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture.” Friends of the Earth, 2008. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://nano.foe.org.au/node/220 >.Miller, Henry. “Substantial Equivalence: Its Uses and Abuses.” Nature Biotechnology 17 (7 Nov. 1999): 1042-1043.Millstone, Erik, Eric Brunner, and Sue Mayer. “Beyond ‘Substantial Equivalence’.” Nature 401 (7 Oct. 1999): 525-526.Monsanto. “Posilac, Bovine Somatotropin by Monsanto: Questions and Answers about bST from the United States Food and Drug Administration.” 2007. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.monsantodairy.com/faqs/fda_safety.html >.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). “For a Better World Economy.” Paris: OECD, 2008. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.oecd.org/ >.———. “Safety Evaluation of Foods Derived by Modern Biotechnology: Concepts and Principles.” Paris: OECD, 1993.Orwell, George. Animal Farm. Adelaide: ebooks@Adelaide, 2004 (1945). 30 Apr. 2008 < http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/o/orwell/george >.Paull, John. “Provenance, Purity and Price Premiums: Consumer Valuations of Organic and Place-of-Origin Food Labelling.” Research Masters thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 2006. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://eprints.utas.edu.au/690/ >.Paull, John, and Kristen Lyons. “Nanotechnology: The Next Challenge for Organics.” Journal of Organic Systems (in press).Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA). “Revised Standards and Procedure for Approval of Proposed Labeling of Fluid Milk.” Milk Labeling Standards (2.0.1.17.08). Bureau of Food Safety and Laboratory Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, 17 Jan. 2008. ———. “Standards and Procedure for Approval of Proposed Labeling of Fluid Milk, Milk Products and Manufactured Dairy Products.” Milk Labeling Standards (2.0.1.17.08). Bureau of Food Safety and Laboratory Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, 22 Oct. 2007.Roco, Mihail. “National Nanotechnology Initiative – Past, Present, Future.” In William Goddard, Donald Brenner, Sergy Lyshevski and Gerald Iafrate, eds. Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007.Romeis, Jorg, Detlef Bartsch, Franz Bigler, Marco Candolfi, Marco Gielkins, et al. “Assessment of Risk of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Crops to Nontarget Arthropods.” Nature Biotechnology 26.2 (Feb. 2008): 203-208.Schauzu, Marianna. “The Concept of Substantial Equivalence in Safety Assessment of Food Derived from Genetically Modified Organisms.” AgBiotechNet 2 (Apr. 2000): 1-4.Soil Association. “Soil Association First Organisation in the World to Ban Nanoparticles – Potentially Toxic Beauty Products That Get Right under Your Skin.” London: Soil Association, 17 Jan. 2008. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.soilassociation.org/web/sa/saweb.nsf/848d689047 cb466780256a6b00298980/42308d944a3088a6802573d100351790!OpenDocument >.Smith, Jeffrey. Genetic Roulette: The Documented Health Risks of Genetically Engineered Foods. Fairfield, Iowa: Yes! Books, 2007.———. Seeds of Deception. Melbourne: Scribe, 2004.U.S. Dairy Export Council (USDEC). Bovine Somatotropin (BST) Backgrounder. Arlington, VA: U.S. Dairy Export Council, 2006.U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Animal Cloning: A Draft Risk Assessment. Rockville, MD: Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 28 Dec. 2006.———. FDA and Nanotechnology Products. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2008. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.fda.gov/nanotechnology/faqs.html >.Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (WWICS). “A Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory.” Data set as at Sep. 2007. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Project on Emerging Technologies, Sep. 2007. 24 Apr. 2008 < http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer >.